Etiology: The application of mechanical respiratory therapy can improve respiratory function with good clinical efficacy, and the number of treated cases is increasing. With the popularization of mechanical respiratory therapy, complications such as tracheal stenosis after tracheotomy and intubation are becoming more common. The tracheotomy site is too high and damages the first cartilage ring, which can lead to cricoid cartilage erosion, inflammatory lesions and severe subcricoid stenosis that is difficult to correct. Excessive removal of the anterior tracheal wall tissue during tracheotomy may later result in the formation of large amounts of granulation and fibrous scar tissue. The pressure of the tracheal tube on the anterior wall of the trachea leads to inward collapse of the tissue above the incision and the pressure of the tube attached to the tracheal tube on the wall of the trachea leads to cicatrization of the tissue, which can lead to the formation of fibrous scar tissue later. In addition, overinflation of the balloon outside the tracheal tube to close the tracheal lumen may result in pressure on the entire circumference of the tracheal wall, leading to tissue erosion and necrosis and, in severe cases, the formation of a circular scar stenosis or even tracheoesophageal fistula and tracheo-arterial fistula. Both of the latter two cases have a high mortality rate. Therefore, when performing tracheotomy and intubation, attention should be paid to the site of tracheotomy, not too much tissue should be removed from the anterior wall of the trachea, the size and length of the tracheal tube should be appropriate, the inflation pressure of the balloon should not be too high, and the connecting tube should be light and soft in order to reduce the incidence of complications of tracheal stenosis. Symptoms: The common symptoms are shortness of breath and dyspnea due to airway obstruction, aggravated by physical activity and increased secretions in the airway, often with wheezing. Tracheal scar stenosis should be considered first in cases presenting with these symptoms after previous tracheotomy and intubation. Anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique tracheal tomography can clearly demonstrate the site, extent, length, and morphologic changes of the stenosis. Treatment: If the tracheal tube has been removed and mechanical ventilation is no longer required, and the tracheal stenosis is severe, a tracheal reconstruction is usually required. In cases where ventilation has not been fully restored, ventilation can be maintained by periodic tracheal dilatation, reconstruction of the trachea, incision of the intubation tube or placement of a ventilation tube in the stenotic segment to support the tracheal lumen, and other conservative treatment measures. We have had good results with endoscopic resection of the tracheal scar at the tracheotomy site and placement of a T-tube for dilation.