1 Principle of cold medicine prescription Cold medicine is mainly used for headache and fever, cough and tears, nasal congestion and runny nose, throat congestion, body aches and pains, fatigue and other symptoms caused by cold, in order to reduce pain and shorten the course of illness and prevent complications. It mainly includes antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs, antihistamines, decongestants and cough expectorants, which cover all the symptoms of cold and flu, so it is also called cold and flu multi-symptom reliever, also known as cold and cough combination prescription. Some of them also contain antiviral drugs or herbal medicines such as antipyretic, antipyretic and antitoxic. The combination of antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs, antihistamines, decongestants and cough expectorants has formed a series of anti-cold drugs, including antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs, antihistamines, decongestants and cough expectorants, as well as selective formulas containing some relievers, and different groups of anti-cold drugs have their own focus in treatment. 2 commonly used in cold medicine formula 2.1 antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs acetaminophen, ibuprofen, benoxate, diclofenac, etc. Relieve the symptoms of headache and fever and general aches and pains. 2.2 Antihistamines Chlorpheniramine maleate (paracetamol), diphenhydramine hydrochloride, terfenadine, triprolidine hydrochloride, isoproterenol, etc. Used to eliminate or reduce symptoms such as itchy nose, runny nose, sneezing, itchy throat and eyes and tearing. 2.3 Decongestants Pseudoephedrine, methylephedrine. Decongest the nasal mucosa and relieve nasal or sinus obstruction (nasal congestion) caused by allergic reactions or colds, and ear obstruction caused by inflammation or infection. 2.4 Cough suppressants Dextromethorphan hydrobromide, codeine, clozapine (cough flat), dioxopromine (cough min), etc., to relieve cough symptoms during colds. 2.5 Expectorants Guaifenesin, carboxymethylstilbestrol, etc., to relieve cough symptoms during cold and flu. Often used in combination with cough suppressants for coughing with phlegm in colds. 2.6 Other components Artificial cowberry (antipyretic and analgesic, synergistic antipyretic and analgesic effect), caffeine (synergistic antipyretic and analgesic effect, reduce drowsiness side effect of antihistamines), amantadine (for Asian influenza A-II, antipyretic effect), zinc gluconate (inhibit the effect of viral replication and improve the body’s ability to resist viruses), etc. 3 cold medicine by component classification and introduction (see Table 1-9) 3.1 antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs, antihistamines, decongestants, cough expectorants completely compounded This category of grouping is a complete grouping of 4 types of drugs for symptomatic treatment of cold to cover the symptoms used in cold. It can reduce the congestion of mucous membrane of upper respiratory tract, clear the pre-cold symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, itchy eyes and nose, sneezing and lacrimation, and treat the middle and late symptoms such as headache, fever, cough, aching limbs, muscle pain and general discomfort caused by cold. Antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antihistamine, decongestant, cough expectorant compound Drug Name Ingredients Phenomethamine (Tylenol, Neupalco) Tablets, capsules: each tablet (capsule) contains acetaminophen 325mg, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride 30mg, dextromethorphan hydrobromide 15mg, chlorpheniramine maleate 2mg Phenomethamine (Mephentermine) (children Tylenol, Aldo, Kielbainin) Oral liquid: Each 5ml contains 160mg of acetaminophen, 15mg of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, 5mg of dextromethorphan hydrobromide, 1mg of chlorpheniramine Phenomethamine granules (Tylenol) Each sachet contains 650mg of acetaminophen, 60m of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, 30mg of dextromethorphan hydrobromide, 4mg of chlorpheniramine maleate Mephentermine (Paid) Each tablet contains 500mg of acetaminophen, 500mg of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, 500mg of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, 500mg of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride. 500mg, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride 30m, dextromethorphan hydrobromide 15mg, chlorpheniramine maleate 2mg Meprobamate tablets (Ramonexin) Each tablet contains acetaminophen 325mg, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride 30m, dextromethorphan hydrobromide 15mg, chlorpheniramine maleate 2mg Meprobamate tablets (white with black) Daily tablets: each tablet contains acetaminophen 500 or 325mg Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride 30mg, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide 15mg Night Tablet: Daily Tablet + Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride 25mg Diphenhydramine Tablets (Nick) Daily Tablet: Each tablet contains Acetaminophen 500 or 325mg, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride 30mg, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide 15mg Night Tablet: Daily Tablet + Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride 10mg Diphenhydramine Tablets (Daily Tablet)/Mephedrone Tablets ( (night tablet) (day and night pepto-bismol) Day tablet: each tablet contains acetaminophen 500mg, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride 30mg, dextromethorphan hydrobromide 15mg Night tablet: day tablet + chlorpheniramine maleate 2mg Phenolamine pseudo-anesthesia tablet Day tablet: each tablet contains pseudoephedrine hydrochloride 30mg, acetaminophen 500mg Night tablet: day tablet + diphenhydramine hydrochloride 25mg Antipyretic and analgesic, decongestant and expectorant The name of the drug and the cough expectorant compound drug ingredients double pseudo-anesthesia (HAIWANG YinDefei, make Lik) Each tablet (10ml) contains acetaminophen 325mg or 500mg, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride 30mg, dextromethorphan hydrobromide 15mg Aminophen pseudo-anesthesia (Dano) Each tablet contains acetaminophen 325mg or 500mg, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride 30mg, dextromethorphan hydrobromide 30mg 30mg Phenomethoprim (Runtong Pepcid) Each 10ml contains 200mg of acetaminophen, 30mg of ephedrine hydrochloride, 15mg of dextromethorphan hydrobromide, 100mg of guaiac glycerol ether Table 3 Antihistamines, decongestants and cough expectorants compound Drug Name Ingredients Phenomethoprim Tablets, capsules: each tablet (capsule) contains 10nmg of dextromethorphan hydrobromide, 30mg of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, 100mg of guaiac glycerol ether 30mg, Guaifenesin 100mg Mephentermine (Mephentermine) (Raidentai, Lizucel) Tablets, oral solution: each tablet (per 10ml) contains 15nmg of hydrobromodexamethasone, 30mg of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, 100mg of guaifenesin Mephentermine solution (Sangkering) per 5ml for adults contains 30mg of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, 10mg of hydrobromodexamethasone, 2mg of chlorpheniramine maleate, 2mg of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, 2mg of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, 2mg of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride. Chlorpheniramine 2mg per 5ml for children contains 15mg of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, 5mg of dextromethorphan hydrobromide, 1mg of chlorpheniramine maleate Compound codeine oral solution (Feldic cough syrup, Neoteroquel) 5mg of codeine phosphate, 7mg of ephedrine and 0.7mg of pyrrolopyridine per 5ml Compound dextromethorphan syrup (Mercola syrup) 15mg of dextromethorphan hydrobromide per 10ml Dextromethorphan 15mg, chlorpheniramine maleate 1mg, guaifenesin 50mg, methylephedrine hydrochloride 10mg Methotrexate pseudoephedrine solution (Huifenim) for adults: 20mg of hydrobromodexamethorphan, 60mg of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, chlorpheniramine maleate 4mg per 10ml for children: 10mg of hydrobromodexamethorphan, 30mg of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, chlorpheniramine maleate 2mg per 10ml. Dr. Cough Relief Solution Each 5ml contains Codeine Phosphate 4mg, Pyrrolizidine 1.25mg, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride 15mg, Phenylephrine 5mg, Kessleran Infusion 0.04mg, Sea Onion Infusion 0.01mg, Yuan Zhi Infusion 0.01mg Dr. Cough Relief Solution for Children Each 5ml contains Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide 5mg, Pyrrolizidine 0.6mg, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride 15mg, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride 15mg. Pseudoephedrine 15mg, Guaifenesin 50mg, Ocimum sanctum extract 0.005mg, Fructus Farinaceae extract 0.005mg. 4mg, codeine 5mg, ephedrine hydrochloride 5mg and potassium guaifenesulfonate 50mg Antihistamines and decongestants compound Drug Name Ingredients Pseudoephedrine capsules (pseudoephedrine tablets) Capsules and tablets: each capsule contains pseudoephedrine hydrochloride 60mg, chlorpheniramine maleate 4mg Compound pseudoephedrine extended-release capsules (NeoContech) Capsules: each capsule contains pseudoephedrine hydrochloride 90mg, chlorpheniramine maleate 4mg Table 5 Cough expectorant or compounded with antihistamines Drug name Ingredients Compound codeine phosphate syrup (can be healed) Each 10ml contains codeine phosphate 20mg, promethazine hydrochloride 12.5mg Can be healed syrup Each 5ml contains codeine phosphate 10mg, guaifenesin 100mg Guaimei tablets Each tablet contains guaifenesin 100mg, dextromethorphan hydrobromide 15mg Guaimei Capsules Each capsule contains 100mg of guaifenesin, 10mg of dextromethorphan hydrobromide Compound dextromethorphan syrup Each 10ml contains 30mg of dextromethorphan hydrobromide, 200mg of guaifenesin Antihistamines, decongestants and anti-inflammatory antipyretics Drug Name Ingredients Aminophen pseudomalarmine (diphenhydramine) (Xynar, Dega, Nono) Tablets, chewable tablets: each tablet contains Acetaminophen 500mg or 325mg, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride 30mg, chlorpheniramine maleate 2mg Aminophen pseudoephedrine solution Each 10ml contains acetaminophen 200mg, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride 30mg, chlorpheniramine maleate 2mg Phenylpseudoephedrine tablets (Dano) Each tablet contains acetaminophen 325mg, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride 30mg, diphenhydramine hydrochloride 10mg Pseudoephedrine Tablets (Rejuveno) Each tablet contains Tefenadine 15mg, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride 15mg, Acetaminophen 162.5mg Aminotrue Tablets (Federal Fidelity) Each tablet contains Acetaminophen 200mg, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride 30mg, Salicylamide 100mg, Triprolidine Hydrochloride 1.2mg Bemin Pseudoephedrine Tablets Each tablet contains Benoxate 0.3g, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride 30mg, chlorpheniramine maleate 2mg Compound phenacarb pseudo-anesthesia capsule (Lixu) Each tablet contains acetaminophen 150mg, caffeine 12.5mg, ephedrine hydrochloride 5mg, chlorpheniramine maleate 1.25mg, chlorpheniramine hydrochloride 6mg, bromelain 15,500,000 IU Table 7 Antihistamines and antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drugs compounded Drug name Ingredients Compounded zinc cloth (zinc cocaine) Tablets, capsules, granules: each tablet (capsule or packet) contains 50mg of ibuprofen, 100mg of zinc gluconate, 2mg of chlorpheniramine Zinc Cloth Granules (Cengong Zaixin) Granules: each contains 100mg of zinc gluconate, 150mg of ibuprofen, 2mg of chlorpheniramine maleate Compound Aminoglucon Zinc Tablets (Compeed) Each tablet contains 150mg of acetaminophen, 35mg of zinc gluconate and Dioxopropazine hydrochloride 0.5mg, Panax notoginseng ointment 125mg Compound Aminophenol alkylamine (Quick, new fast-acting cold tablets) Each tablet contains 250mg of acetaminophen, 100mg of amantadine hydrochloride, 10mg of artificial oxymorphone, 15mg of caffeine, 2mg of chlorpheniramine Double puff oral liquid Each 10ml contains 125mg of acetaminophen, 1.5mg of chlorpheniramine maleate, 7.5mg of caffeine and 2mg of artificial oxymorphone Table 8 Decongestant and cough expectorant combination Drug Name Ingredients Guaifenesin Pseudo-anesthesia Tablets (for preparation) Each tablet contains 200mg of guaifenesin and 30mg of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride. Each tablet contains 15mg of dextromethorphan hydrobromide and 30mg of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride. Each tablet contains 15mg of dextromethorphan hydrobromide, 250mg of carboxymethylstilbestrol and 30mg of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride. Each tablet contains 150mg of ibuprofen and 15mg of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride. Each tablet contains 325mg of acetaminophen, 30mg of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and 10mg of caffeine. Aminophenol pseudoephedrine drops (Shimei Benadryl) Each 0.8ml contains acetaminophen 80mg, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride 7.5mg 4 safe use of compound anti-cold medicine 4.1 according to the clinical symptoms of the cold selection of medication 4.2 anti-cold medicine most of the preparations have the same ingredients, be sure to read the drug instructions in detail before use to avoid duplication of medication. 4.3 Cold medicines containing antihistamines such as chlorpheniramine and diphenhydramine have the side effect of causing drowsiness, and should not be taken by drivers, overhead workers and operators of fine work, at least not during the day. 4.4 Preparations containing pseudoephedrine and methylephedrine, pregnant women who are sensitive to ephedrine, elderly patients, patients suffering from heart disease, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, glaucoma, emphysema and other respiratory difficulties, patients with prostate hypertrophy with urinary difficulties and patients with mental depression should not be used. 4.5 The medication should be used for 3-7 d. If the symptoms are not relieved after application, the medication should be discontinued promptly. 4.6 Children should use the compounded anti-cold medicine for children. 4.7 Pregnant women should be careful not to use cold medicine in the first 3 months, and avoid using cold medicine containing antiviral drugs throughout pregnancy, because antiviral drugs may cause teratogenesis. 4.8 Do not drink alcohol or drinks containing alcohol while taking anti-cold medicines. 4.9 Rational use of anti-cold Chinese medicine. According to the cause, Chinese medicine classifies colds into 3 types: wind-cold type, wind-heat type and summer-heat type, and there are also differences in the use of medicine. For wind-cold type cold, the treatment should be chosen from pungent and warming medicines to dispel cold in the lungs. (2) wind-heat type cold, it is appropriate to promote the lung to clear heat, pungent and cool the surface, can use silver forsythia antidote pill, mulberry cold tablets, antelope cold tablets or cold clear heat punch oral. ③ summer-heat type cold, it is appropriate to clear heat and dispel summer heat, clear the air and distribute heat, can use Huoxiang Zhengqi Punch or oral liquid.