Glucosamine Glucosamine is a derivative of a naturally occurring amino monosaccharide, which is an essential component for the synthesis of proteoglycans in the cartilage matrix. Glucosamine hydrochloride is a white crystal obtained by hydrochloric acid hydrolysis of chitin, which is a kind of amino monosaccharide. Its mechanism of action for the treatment of knee OA is: Direct anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, relieving pain Promoting the synthesis of cartilage matrix, repairing and improving the structure and function of articular cartilage Inhibiting metalloproteinase and phospholipase A2 that damage articular cartilage, preventing the production of superoxide radicals and damage to cartilage cells, avoiding Hormone damage to cells Prevent damage to glucosamine biosynthesis by NSAIDs Inhibit granulomatous proliferation, inhibit vascular proliferation and cell free, inhibit late metamorphosis, thus blocking the pathological process of OA Well tolerated, safe for long-term use, less side effects (health care products), does not affect glucose metabolism Pan Zhengjun, Department of Joint Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Hefei, China Generally 750mg-Bid, take more than 8 weeks to start to see the effect, take 3 8 weeks or longer each year, use more than 1 year for more stable efficacy. The efficacy of sulfate form is comparable, but the latter needs NaCl as stabilizer, not suitable for people with low sodium diet Imported – Vibram, domestic – Glucophage, Hong Kong – Otayling Suitable for early and middle OA Recommended for long-term use alone or early combined with non-steroidal, the effect is better Vitamin C, D, E may be beneficial to the treatment of osteoarthritis mainly through its antioxidant mechanism