Precautions 1. Bed rest is an important part of postoperative treatment. Bed rest is required for a period of time after surgery, and patients are routinely bedridden for two or three days after surgery. The bed should preferably be a hard board bed with thick padding. During bed rest, turning should be assisted by someone else, shoulders and hips should be turned over at the same time, and the waist should not be twisted so as not to affect the healing of lumbar muscles and ligaments, etc. Use a urinal and disposable diapers, relieve urine and stool in bed, and try not to raise the hips. After the bed rest period, you can start to move around indoors gradually, but at first you still need to wear a lumbar brace for about six weeks to protect your lower back. 2.Exercise From the time the drainage tube is removed after surgery, patients should gradually strengthen the exercise of the lumbar back muscles, and they should persevere after resuming daily activities. You can lie down facing the sky, use the heels of both sides and the back of the shoulders as fulcrums, contract the muscles of the low back to lift the hips off the bed, hold them for a few seconds and then put them down slowly, and practice repeatedly. You can also lie on your stomach, use your abdomen as a fulcrum, straighten your legs, hold your hands behind your head, actively contract the muscles of the lumbosacral area, try to lift your head and legs out of bed at the same time, hold them for a few seconds and then slowly put them down, which is conducive to early recovery. 3, daily life Quit smoking is very important, especially for patients who underwent lumbar fusion surgery. You can drink a small amount of red wine. After indoor activities have no problems, you can turn to outdoor activities and walk around the neighborhood and nearby streets. Always avoid activities such as bending down to carry heavy objects and carrying heavy objects on the shoulder. Avoid bad postures such as bending and arching the back in daily life and avoid strenuous sports. For young women who have not yet had children, they should consider pregnancy and childbirth after a period of complete recovery such as one year after surgery, otherwise it is easy to lead to recurrence or even aggravation of preoperative symptoms. Disease prevention It is important to prevent the occurrence of this disease, requiring the usual attention to waist exercise, living to avoid wind, cold, moisture, combined with work and rest, and a reasonable diet structure. Prevention should start from school, family, work and pre-vocational training, to understand the correct labor posture, pay attention to labor protection, to avoid accelerating lumbar disc degeneration and injury on the basis of lumbar disc degeneration. 1, adhere to the health examination: adolescents or staff should have regular health examinations, attention should be paid to check for congenital or idiopathic deformities of the spine. For workers engaged in strenuous lumbar sports, such as athletes and acrobats, should strengthen lumbar back protection to prevent repeated injuries. 2.Correct poor labor posture. 3, strengthen muscle exercise: strong back muscles, can prevent lumbar back soft tissue injury, abdominal muscles and intercostal muscle exercise, can increase intra-abdominal pressure and intrathoracic pressure, this helps to reduce the load on the lumbar spine. Such as swimming and other physical exercise can be carried out regularly. 4, avoid overweight. 5, pay attention to keep warm. Expert opinion Three strategies for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation one principle: first do not be afraid; third do not hold back; third take your own ideas. One principle: the principle of stepped treatment. Disease prognosis Generally speaking, after surgical treatment of strictly screened patients with lumbar disc herniation, the vast majority of results are satisfactory, with immediate relief of pain, rapid improvement of sensation and gradual recovery of muscle strength. However, a small number of patients may still have some residual symptoms and signs. On the one hand, the stimulation of nerve roots during surgery can cause nerve root edema, which makes the effect of decompression not manifest in the short term, so hormones and dehydrating agents are usually applied for a short time after surgery to reduce edema. On the other hand, if the protruding nucleus pulposus and the surrounding hyperplastic tissue are not removed, or if the nerve root canal is narrowed and only the nucleus pulposus is removed, sometimes there is still some degree of sciatica after surgery. If the nucleus pulposus is removed without bone graft fusion, the sciatica may disappear after surgery, but the back pain may persist, and even leg pain may reappear. There are also some patients who have had nerve compression for a long time or whose compression is so severe that the timing of surgery is delayed and the nerve has undergone irreversible degeneration. These patients are prone to incomplete recovery of nerve function after surgery, muscle strength cannot be restored to normal, and the numb zone may also exist for a long time, with painful numbness or even aggravation. Some elderly patients with lumbar synostosis are interspersed with a variety of complex lumbar pathologies, such as lumbar disc degeneration, inflammation of small lumbar joints, and osteoporosis, etc. The simple removal of the nucleus pulposus does not completely resolve these symptoms in patients. Postoperatively, it is also necessary to rely on drugs and physical therapy to treat residual symptoms. In addition, some patients also have signs and symptoms caused by soft tissue strain such as lumbar strain and inflammation of the lumbar back muscles fascia. After the sciatica is resolved, the patient’s attention is shifted to the pain caused by the strain, and the soft tissue pain can be treated with medication and local closure. Patients should also be aware that some other disorders such as spinal tumors and hip diseases have symptoms very similar to lumbar disc herniation, and it so happens that your imaging also has a herniated disc, resulting in misdiagnosis and wrong treatment, which rarely happens but is often heard of. If the symptoms do not disappear after disc surgery, you must go to the hospital and not leave it to chance.