Recently, a 42-year-old male with advanced liver cancer was admitted to the ward. The patient had been hospitalized for one month 10 years ago with abnormal liver function and HBsAg(+), and was diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B. He was discharged with normal liver function and followed up for two months with stable liver function and no discomfort, so he did not seek medical treatment again. In the last two weeks, the patient felt discomfort in the right upper abdomen and swelling in both lower limbs, and when she visited the hospital again, the ultrasound indicated advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, and the timing of surgery was lost. In clinical work, cases like this with chronic hepatitis B, who did not feel discomfort and did not have regular review until symptoms appeared, have developed into advanced liver cancer and lost the opportunity of treatment, resulting in death, which should be paid attention to. Liver cancer is called the “cancer of cancers” because of its rapid development, tricky treatment, poor efficacy and high death rate in the near future. Therefore, early detection is very important. How can early detection of small liver cancer be achieved? We should follow up and observe the high-risk group of liver cancer regularly. The high-risk group of liver cancer – that is, those who are over 40 years old, have a history of hepatitis or positive markers of hepatitis B virus antigen for more than 5 years, have a family history of cancer, have a history of alcohol abuse for more than 5 to 8 years, and have clinical manifestations of chronic liver disease, as well as patients with diagnosed cirrhosis. This group should be thoroughly checked for biochemical and imaging indicators of liver disease at least every six months, including ultrasound and checking for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Once a suspicious lesion is found, further tests such as CT should be done to clarify the diagnosis. If the patient’s AFP is persistently elevated and ultrasound and CT tests cannot support the diagnosis, further hepatic arteriography or pathological examination should be done, which is of great value for the detection of early small hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma subfoci.