1. Can children also have brain hemorrhage? What is the cause of the disease? Many people think that “cerebral hemorrhage” is a disease only for the elderly, and children are not related to it. Children, especially infants, are no less likely to have brain hemorrhage than adults. In the emergency departments, neurological and surgical departments, and intensive care units of major children’s hospitals across the country, we often see children hospitalized for cerebral hemorrhage, and a large number of cases occur every year. The causes of cerebral hemorrhage in children are different from those in adults, and are generally divided into two categories according to age: one is cerebral hemorrhage in infants and children, which is mainly caused by vitamin K deficiency in the body, resulting in poor coagulation, and is more often seen in children with premature birth, difficult birth, asphyxia, etc. The other is seen in preschool and school-age children, and is mostly related to congenital malformations of the cerebral vessels, such as arteriovenous malformations, smoker’s disease, aneurysms, etc. The above only refers to spontaneous brain hemorrhage, and does not include intracranial hemorrhage due to trauma. 2.My baby can’t talk yet, what are the signs of cerebral hemorrhage? What tests do I need to do? In the case of brain hemorrhage in infants and children, since they cannot express their symptoms as clearly as adults, parents should pay special attention to the following cases: children within 1-2 months of age are depressed, do not eat or drink, vomit, or even vomit like “jets”, parents need to take them to the hospital. If parents notice that their child’s fontanelle is bulging high, unlike everyday, this is a more obvious sign. When you get to the hospital, the doctor will ask if any of the above conditions are present. If there is any suspicion, the best way to check is to do a head CT immediately, which can clearly show if there is any bleeding inside the skull. In older children, the typical symptoms following a brain hemorrhage are severe headache, frequent vomiting, and in severe cases, a coma of consciousness. If the above symptoms cannot be explained by other reasons, you should seek medical attention immediately to avoid delaying the condition. 3. Is cerebral hemorrhage in children serious? Is it harmful to the future intellectual development and life ability? Brain hemorrhage is dangerous because the hematoma damages and compresses the surrounding brain tissues, causing damage and necrosis of neurons in the corresponding area and, in severe cases, leading to brain herniation. After the hemorrhage is absorbed or the hematoma is surgically removed, the neurons that have died will not regenerate, resulting in the loss of certain neurological functions, such as hemiplegia, slanting of the mouth, inability to speak, etc. In addition, in these damaged areas, corresponding “scars” will be formed, and these “scars These “scars” can cause abnormal discharges of the surrounding neurons, which are manifested in the body as seizures, commonly known as “crohn’s disease”. This shows that brain hemorrhage can bring serious and long-term harm to the child himself and his family. But thankfully, if diagnosed in time, brain hemorrhage does not cause large neuronal loss, and the prognosis for pediatric brain hemorrhage is generally better than that of adults. The younger the age, the better the neuronal plasticity, and the less likely it is to leave sequelae. Our department has treated some newborns with large brain hemorrhage. After emergency surgery, the child’s life was saved, but just after the surgery, the child had obvious symptoms of neurological deficits such as hemiplegia of limbs and crooked mouth, which indicated that a considerable amount of damage to important neural structures had occurred. However, after a period of neuro-nutrition, rehabilitation exercises and other comprehensive treatment, many children are even close to “intact” and are discharged from the hospital. 4.What is the treatment for cerebral hemorrhage? As mentioned above, for children with cerebral hemorrhage with a small amount of bleeding that does not cause brain herniation and is estimated to be controlled by conservative treatment, medication can be used; for larger and life-threatening bleeding, surgery is the first thing to consider. Pharmacological treatment includes hemostasis, elimination of cerebral edema, replenishment of deficient vitamin K, maintenance of electrolyte balance in the body, and prevention and control of stress ulcers. Surgical treatment is to remove the blood accumulated in the skull by craniotomy, and to decompress the bone flap if necessary. 5.How to prevent cerebral hemorrhage in children? At present, for cerebral hemorrhage caused by vitamin K deficiency in infants and children, many hospitals have made intramuscular injection of vitamin K1 after birth a routine practice, and the prevention effect is obvious. However, for the second condition we mentioned, and the causes such as vascular malformations that are more frequent in preschool and school-age children, because they are formed during embryonic development, they can only be detected early and treated early. The only way to minimize the risk of arteriovenous malformations and smog, for example, is to detect them as early as possible.