A lump at the base of the tongue is usually seen in two diseases: i. Lymphoid follicular hyperplasia at the base of the tongue. Second, tongue tumor. Lymphoid follicular hyperplasia of the root of the tongue is a component of the pharyngeal lymphatic ring, which can cause local edema and hyperplasia when it encounters chronic inflammatory stimulation, prolonged smoking, alcohol, spicy and stimulating food or gastrointestinal dysfunction, acid reflux, acidic water as well as acidic gas stimulation. On examination, the posterior wall of the pharynx, the root of the tongue, and the epiglottis valley can be seen, with a smooth surface, small light red particles, and soft texture. Usually there is no pain, and it can cause a foreign body sensation in the patient’s throat. In terms of treatment, patients need to eat a light diet, quit smoking, quit drinking, can not eat spicy and stimulating food, while avoiding colds, it can be gradually cured. If the foreign body sensation in the patient’s throat is very obvious, surgery can be performed. Tongue tumor, visible in the root of the tongue a surface is not smooth, in the form of cauliflower pattern of neoplasm, local texture is brittle, hard, easy to bleed when touched. Localized pathology is needed for examination, and surgical excision is needed for treatment when the pathological results come out.