Cerebral infarction is more likely to occur in people with risk factors for cerebrovascular disease. The risk factors for cerebral infarction include two categories: intervenable and non-intervenable. The intervenable factors include hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, smoking, alcohol abuse, obesity, atherosclerosis, oral contraceptives, and Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. Risk factors that cannot be intervened include age, race, and genetic factors. The higher the blood pressure, the higher the risk of cerebral infarction. Patients should monitor blood pressure regularly, limit salt intake, reduce dietary fat content, reduce weight, exercise appropriately, quit smoking, limit alcohol, maintain an optimistic attitude, and adhere to oral antihypertensive drug therapy. Cardiac disease often causes cerebral embolism, the most important of which is atrial fibrillation. The main preventive measure is to take anticoagulants, commonly used oral anticoagulants are warfarin to keep the international normalized ratio (INR) at 2.0~3.0; the new oral anticoagulant dabigatranate can also be used for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. For coronary heart disease and heart failure, the primary disease should be actively treated; for valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease, and oval foramen ovale in closure, surgical treatment can be performed as appropriate. The risk of cerebral infarction in diabetic patients is 1.8 to 6 times higher than that in the general population. Patients with diabetes should control their diet, exercise appropriately, and apply drugs to control blood sugar under the guidance of doctors. Patients with hyperlipidemia are prone to atherosclerosis due to high blood lipids and should be treated with diet control and physical exercise, supplemented by medication, such as statins. Hyperhomocysteinemia can increase the risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease by 2 to 3 times, and also tends to increase the risk of cerebral infarction. In addition, elderly people, people with a family history of cerebral infarction, long-term smokers and alcoholics, obese people, and people taking oral contraceptives are more likely to suffer from cerebral infarction than the general population. In conclusion, there are many risk factors for cerebral infarction, including hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, smoking, and alcohol abuse. People with risk factors should proactively screen and control the above-mentioned risk factors by changing their unhealthy lifestyles early, quitting smoking and limiting alcohol, and having regular medical checkups, so as to achieve the goal of keeping brain infarction from occurring or postponing its occurrence.