Hepatitis B mother-to-child interruption measures In China, mother-to-child transmission has become the main way of hepatitis B transmission. If no interruption measures are taken, 60% of children born to hepatitis B pregnant women will be infected with hepatitis B virus within two years, and 95% of children born to e-antigen positive mothers will be surface antigen positive within one year. 40% -90% of hepatitis B infections occur in the perinatal period and childhood, and 30% -90% of these new infections will develop into chronic infections. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) interventions for hepatitis B pregnant women are particularly important. Specific preventive blockade methods Hepatitis B vaccination and immunoglobulin are the most effective methods for preventing hepatitis B infection Active immunization methods – Hepatitis B vaccination, Hepatitis B vaccination is the most effective method for preventing hepatitis B infection. Passive immunization method – neonatal injection of hepatitis B immunoglobulin, the protection rate of mother-to-child transmission blocked by immunization with hepatitis B vaccine alone is 87.8%, and the protection rate of mother-to-child transmission blocked by immunization with high-valent hepatitis B immunoglobulin and hepatitis B vaccine is 95%-97%. The 2010 Chinese guidelines for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B state that newborns of HBsAg-positive mothers should be injected with hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) as early as possible (preferably within 12 h after birth, with a dose of ≥100 IU), and at the same time, they should be vaccinated with 10 g of recombinant yeast or 20 mg of Chinese hamster oocyte (CHO) hepatitis B vaccine in different parts of the body and receive the second vaccine at 1 and 6 months of life, respectively. Hepatitis B vaccination at 1 month and 6 months with the 2nd and 3rd doses of Hepatitis B vaccine, respectively, can significantly improve the effectiveness of interruption of mother-to-child transmission. Experts in the United States recommend combined immunization with HBIG and hepatitis B vaccine for newborns of HBsAg-positive mothers and require vaccination within 12 hours of birth. Nonspecific preventive measures Active immunization methods – Hepatitis B vaccination, Hepatitis B vaccination is the most effective way to prevent Hepatitis B infection. Passive immunization method – neonatal injection of hepatitis B immunoglobulin, the protection rate of mother-to-child transmission blocked by immunization with hepatitis B vaccine alone is 87.8%, and the protection rate of mother-to-child transmission blocked by immunization with high-valent hepatitis B immunoglobulin and hepatitis B vaccine is 95%-97%. The 2010 Chinese guidelines for the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B state that newborns of HBsAg-positive mothers should be injected with hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) as early as possible (preferably within 12 h after birth, with a dose of ≥100 IU), and at the same time, they should be vaccinated with 10 g of recombinant yeast or 20 mg of Chinese hamster oocyte (CHO) hepatitis B vaccine in different parts of the body and receive the second vaccine at 1 and 6 months of life, respectively. Hepatitis B vaccination at 1 month and 6 months with the 2nd and 3rd doses of Hepatitis B vaccine, respectively, can significantly improve the effectiveness of interruption of mother-to-child transmission. Experts in the United States recommend combined immunization with HBIG and hepatitis B vaccine for newborns of HBsAg-positive mothers and require vaccination within 12 hours of birth. Supplementary blocking measures Supplementary blocking measures for hepatitis B – nucleoside antiviral therapy Despite immunization and high-valence hepatitis B immunoglobulin injections, about 5% of newborns are still infected with hepatitis B. This is because new infections occur through intrauterine transmission, and intrauterine infections have become a bottleneck in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B. The most effective way to prevent mother-to-child transmission is to use serum HBV-DNA to prevent hepatitis B infection. High titer of serum HBV-DNA, positive serum HBe-Ag, high titer of HBs-Ag and HBV infection of placental capillary endothelial cells are factors associated with intrauterine transmission. Numerous studies have shown that sustained exposure to high viral load HBV-DNA is the most important determinant of neonatal infection. Neonatal HBV infection is not only dependent on the immune status of the host and the level of maternal viremia, but is also associated with viral heterogeneity. In HBsAg and HBeAg double-positive pregnancies with high HBV-DNA levels (HBV-DNA ≥ 1 × 106copies/mL), the rate of intrauterine HBV infection ranged from 9.1% to 36.7%. And the rate of intrauterine infection was positively correlated with HBV-DNA content. Anti-disease drugs can effectively inhibit hepatitis virus replication and reduce viral load.