Hepatitis B is a disease of the liver caused by infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is one of the most common infections in the world and is transmitted mainly through blood and body fluids. The structure of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is shown in the diagram, which is an enlarged representation of the hepatitis B virus. Hepatitis B virus has a membrane on the outside, this membrane is the surface antigen, there are large, medium and small, overall there is a large amount of surface antigen here. The surface antigen is encapsulated in a nucleus called the core antigen. The ladder inside the core antigen is the viral DNA, HBV DNA. in addition, the E antigen, which is often referred to as the E antigen in Hepatitis B tests, cannot be found in this structural schematic, and it is only found in the serum. In response to the 3 antigens mentioned above, surface antigen, E antigen and core antigen, the body’s immune system produces corresponding antibodies, which are the 3 most common types of antibodies, i.e., surface antibody (anti-HBs), E antibody (anti-HBe) and core antibody (anti-HBc). Thus, the tests for Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen, Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antibody, Hepatitis B Virus e Antigen, Hepatitis B Virus e Antibody, and Hepatitis B Virus Core Antibody together constitute what we often refer to as the Hepatitis B 5 tests. Hepatitis B DNA test is also known as HBV-DNA test, also known as Hepatitis B viral load.