Disease: HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (hepatitis B major triplet) transmitted vertically from mother to child, young female with childbearing needs, no history of other co-morbidities. Patient description and treatment expectation: Description: Female, 28 years old; HBsAg (+) found in 1992, ALT normal, no treatment, ALT mildly elevated in 2007, hepatoprotective and enzyme-lowering treatment, ALT back to normal. This patient had vertical transmission from mother to child and no history of other chronic diseases. In 2011, she was found to have elevated ALT and was treated with antiviral therapy. Since she was planning to get married at the end of 2012, but her husband’s parents were not aware of her condition, she was very worried about having children after her marriage and came to our clinic to seek a chance to stop her medication. Treatment expectation: I hope to meet the guideline criteria for drug discontinuation before getting married and having children, and I hope to have lasting immune control after drug discontinuation. Examination and medication status: Diagnosis: HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B. History: Chronic hepatitis B diagnosed in 1992 with normal ALT; treated with liver protection and enzyme reduction for recurrent abnormal liver function since 2007, started antiviral therapy with tibivudine in 2011, and came to our hospital for treatment in 2012, as HBsAg/HBeAg levels were relatively low during the previous tibivudine period, it was predicted that switching to pegylated interferon-2a at this time would have a better chance of achieving discontinuation. The chances of stopping the treatment are high. Examination: Virology: HBV DNA negative; Serology: HBsAg(+) 383.4iu/ml, HBsAb(-), HBeAg(+), HBeAb(-); Biochemistry: ALT 27 U/L, AST within normal range, γ-GT within normal range. The patient was treated with entecavir, HBsAg levels were low, and the patient had a strong need to discontinue the drug, and at this time the treatment with pegylated interferon-2a had a high rate of sustained response. After the addition of pegylated interferon-2a, HBeAg serology was converted in 2 months, while HBsAg quantification continued to decrease; after 8 months of treatment, HBsAg was cleared and treatment with interferon was carried out for 48 weeks. After 1 year of follow-up after discontinuation, all indicators were stable and HBeAg serological conversion and HBsAg serological conversion were always maintained. The patient was able to stop the drug safely, got married and started a family, and is now preparing for pregnancy with normal indexes. In the early stage of treatment, the patient showed mild flu-like symptoms; no other abnormalities, which did not affect the treatment. Expert summary: For patients who have not achieved virological/serological response with long-term NUC therapy, serum HBsAg levels at the time of addition or switch to Peg-IFN α-2a have predictive value for the disappearance of HBeAg and HBsAg. High HBeAg and HBsAg negative rates were obtained after combination therapy with HBsAg <1500 IU/mL at baseline, while the level of HBsAg decline from baseline at 12W of combination therapy in patients with HBsAg >1500 IU/mL (including HBsAg >3000 Iu/mL) was predictive of HBeAg/HBsAg negative regression. For younger patients who do not meet guideline discontinuation criteria after long-term NUC and are eager to stop, long-acting interferon therapy can be used to improve the chances of clinical cure and help them regain the confidence to embrace life. During long-acting interferon therapy, the change in HBsAg quantification helps to judge the efficacy. Patients whose HBsAg quantification decreases more significantly during treatment are expected to have good efficacy and should adhere to treatment more actively. For patients with chronic hepatitis B, achieving drug discontinuation is the pursuit of every patient, and pegylated interferon-2a is worth a lifetime try.