In the past, it was thought that allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma were two separate diseases belonging to the upper and lower respiratory tracts and were treated by different methods by otolaryngologists and respiratory physicians, respectively. In clinical practice, a large number of patients suffer from both asthma and allergic rhinitis, and the outcome is often poor if only allergic rhinitis or asthma is treated. A growing body of research suggests that allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma are “the same disease of the same airway” and should be treated together. This concept has been confirmed by a growing number of studies. Allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma share several features: the mucosa of the nose and lower respiratory tract is a structurally similar continuum; they share many of the same allergens and triggers; they share the same pathophysiological manifestations, both are IgE-mediated chronic inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract; they share the same rapid and delayed immune response process; they release the same cytokines and inflammatory mediators; they share the same clinical The lower respiratory excitation test can cause inflammation of the nasal mucosa, while the nasal excitation test also causes inflammation of the lower respiratory tract. Therefore, both should be taken into account in children with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma.