Huang Hao is 10 years old, 1.52 meters tall, but his weight is more than 70 kg. His parents brought him to the clinic, saying that he was inattentive in class, dozing, and his nasal congestion and snoring were very obvious at night, and his academic performance could not be improved, so his parents were very anxious. The doctor examined him and found that he had a fat head and large ears, a short thick upper lip with outgrowth, a hanging lower lip, a shallow nasolabial fold, and an inflexible response to answers; there was also a slightly large turbinate, a blocky protrusion of the nasopharyngeal proliferators (also called adenoids), like half a peeled orange, blocking the posterior nostril, and bilateral enlarged tonsils occupying most of the pharyngeal cavity. Polysomnography revealed that it was consistent with the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. We performed tonsillectomy and proliferative scraping on Xiaohao under general anesthesia, and he came to the hospital for a review 3 months later. We heard from his parents that after the surgery, Xiaohao’s nasal congestion was significantly reduced, his snoring sound became significantly less when he slept, his weight dropped by more than 10 kg, his spirit was much better, he was like a different person, and his academic performance improved substantially …… In the past 20 years or so, with the continuous economic development, people’s life has improved greatly. Incorrect eating habits, so that we are surrounded by the increasing number of small fat pier, they eat more and sleep less activity, snoring loudly when sleeping. However, family members usually think that children are small, eat a lot and sleep well, so snoring is not a disease and do not pay attention to it, not knowing that snoring is a manifestation of airway obstruction. It can cause insufficient oxygen supply to the brain during sleep, disrupt the sleep rhythm, and the child’s attention is not focused during the day, which affects the learning of children and thus plays an obstructive role in the development of intelligence. There are many common causes of pediatric snoring, such as chronic rhinitis, sinusitis, chronic tonsillitis, hypertrophy of the proliferators, excessive length of the uvula and so on. Studies have found that the proliferators and tonsillar hypertrophy are the most common causes of snoring in children. The proliferators are located at the back of the nasal cavity, at the junction of the nasopharyngeal roof wall and the posterior wall, similar to half a peeled orange, and, like the tonsils in the oropharynx, are composed of lymphatic tissue and are both immune organs. They exist after birth, and as age increases, exposure to external allergens increases, with the largest at the age of 5 to 7 years. They generally gradually shrink after the age of 10. At this time, if repeatedly stimulated by inflammation, pathological hyperplasia and significant enlargement occurs and blocks the posterior nostril, presses the pharyngeal orifice of the eustachian tube and blocks the upper respiratory tract, symptoms such as nasal congestion, runny nose, snoring during sleep and hearing loss will occur. Studies have also found that if snoring is a problem in early childhood, their ability to learn in adolescence will still be affected even if they stop snoring later in life. For a child who snores excessively, his family should take him to the hospital for examination and ask a specialist to check his height, weight, nasal cavity, proliferative body and tonsils, preferably with polysomnography. The cause of snoring should be carefully identified. Children with upper airway obstruction, apnea hypoventilation index (AHI, average number of apnea per hour plus respiratory insufficiency) greater than 5, oxygen saturation less than 90% and snoring more than 60 decibels on polysomnography can be considered as sleep apnea syndrome. Those whose pathogenesis is hypertrophy of the proliferators and tonsils are treated. Firstly, by strengthening physical exercise, correcting bad eating habits, losing weight and doing some physical therapy (freezing, laser and microwave therapy, etc.) under the guidance of doctors. If the treatment is not effective after a period of time, surgery is required to ensure the healthy growth and development of the child.