Rabies, also known as hydrophobia, is a human rabies caused by rabies virus infection in humans and manifests as an acute, progressive, almost irreversible encephalomyelitis with clinical appearance as characteristic hydrophobia, fear of wind, excitement, pharyngeal muscle spasms, salivation, progressive paralysis, and finally death due to respiratory and circulatory failure. Rabies is by far the acute infectious disease with the highest human fatality rate, with a 100% fatality rate once it develops. Rabies occurs in 87 countries and regions worldwide, but mainly in developing countries such as Asia, Africa and Latin America, 98% of which are in Asia, with China ranking second in the world after India in terms of the number of cases. Since 1997, the incidence of rabies in some provinces in China has been increasing year by year, especially in the past three years, the rise of the epidemic in some areas is very obvious, the number of morbidity and mortality continues to increase. Wild animals are the main hosts of rabies virus. Dogs with rabies are the main infectious source of rabies infection in humans, followed by cats, and wild animals such as wolves and foxes can also transmit the disease. Animals such as dogs that are healthy in appearance but carry the virus can also act as a source of infection and infect humans. Small amounts of virus are found in the saliva of patients, but few people directly infect others. Human rabies is basically contracted from the bite of a rabid animal that contains the virus in its saliva. The virus cannot pass through non-broken skin, and it is dangerous to be licked by a rabid animal if the skin is scratched or abraded. Infection can also be caused by tongue licking of human mucous membranes, oral, anal and external genital mucous membranes and skin by animals such as dogs that contain the virus in their saliva. Experimental animals can be infected by ingesting food containing the virus and also through the anus. Rabies virus can also be transmitted via aerosols, so health care workers, close contacts, and laboratory staff should be in respiratory isolation when in contact with rabies patients or performing rabies virus-related experiments. People of different sexes, ages, and occupations are generally susceptible to rabies. The incidence is higher among male young and middle-aged farmers due to different opportunities for contact with animals. From the incidence of rabies in China in recent years: males account for about 65%-70%; different age groups have different incidence numbers, with children aged 0-7 years accounting for about 17%, adolescents aged 8-19 years accounting for about 23%, and the 20-60 years age group accounting for about 50%. It is easy to see that rabies is a major risk for children and adolescents. Certain occupations such as veterinarians, field workers, laboratory workers, and people living in tropical areas are at greater risk of rabies. When a person is bitten by a venomous dog or other animal, the incubation period varies depending on the site of the bite and the depth and size of the wound. If the bite is above the neck and the wound is heavy, the incubation period can be as short as a few days; if the bite is lighter than the wound on the distal extremities, the incubation period is longer, up to several years or a dozen years. There are two main clinical types of human rabies: one is the manic type, often with symptoms of excitement, especially fear of water, 80% of rabies belong to this type; the other is the paralytic type or mute rabies, no obvious symptoms of excitement, generally do not appear fear of water, less than 20% of patients for this type. The prevention of rabies mainly includes several steps such as controlling the source of infection, cutting off the transmission route and vaccination. Control of the source of infection is mainly domestic dog immunization, elimination of stray dogs and the trapping of suspected sick dogs and cats. Register domestic dogs and give preventive vaccination. Rabid dogs and cats should be shot down immediately to avoid injury to people. Domestic dogs and cats that have bitten people should be tried to capture and isolate for 10 days. Sick and dead animals should be burned or buried deeply, not skinned and eaten. Once bitten or scratched by an animal, be sure to clean the wound properly and apply rabies immunization agents as soon as possible to prevent the onset of disease. The wound must be fully flushed with soap and water or detergent. The purpose of flushing is to destroy the virus in the wound and prevent its proliferation and penetration into the peripheral nerves. After irrigation, the wound must be disinfected with alcohol wipes, tincture of iodine, or 0.1% quaternary amine solution (only if the wound is free of residual soap and water, as the two substances are mutually neutralizing). When conditions are ideal, the wound should be exposed for 24 to 48 hours to prevent penetration of the virus into the nerve fibers. If immune serum is available, it can be injected into and around the base of the wound. Wound suturing or dressing should be avoided if possible, and if suturing is necessary it is best to give the specific antiserum at the same time as the vaccination. When the reporter looked up the rabies incidence figures for 1996, 10 years ago, it was incredibly low: only 159 cases were reported nationwide in 1996, less than half the number of cases 10 years later in September 2006. Data provided by the Ministry of Health show that in September this year, a total of 393 cases of rabies were reported nationwide, up 36.93% compared to 287 cases in the same period last year, with 318 deaths. The cumulative number of reported cases from January to September this year was 2254, up 29.69% compared with 1738 cases in the same period last year. Rabies is still the most deadly infectious disease this month. In fact, the rampant momentum of rabies was first revealed in previous years. When the Ministry of Health announced the national epidemic of key infectious diseases in the first half of 2003, to people’s surprise, the number of deaths and death rate of key infectious diseases topped the list, not the infectious atypical pneumonia, which had made people make the same enemy, but an old disease: rabies. The year of the SARS harassment, only half a year, rabies in the first year of the high number of A, B infectious disease incidence and death rate of the first momentum is still unabated, the number of incidence reached 545 people, more than 89 people over the same period in 2002. Rabies has been prevalent in China for a long time, and since 1951 a nationwide campaign to eradicate dogs has been carried out, and rabies control has been very effective, but after the 1970s the epidemic started to rise again and became increasingly serious. The incidence of rabies is relatively low, but once the disease has developed, it can be said that no one is spared, and it can only be prevented but not treated. The course of rabies, generally not more than 6 days, the onset of the disease, experts have repeatedly used the word horror to describe. In recent years, China’s rabies epidemic has been on the rise, the number of illnesses and deaths are high in China’s 37 legally reported infectious diseases in the first place. By September 2006, the incidence of rabies has been ranked the highest number of reported deaths of infectious diseases in China for five consecutive months.