A. Is rabies a sure thing?
A: Not necessarily. Some scholars have found that only 30%-70% of people who were injured by a real rabid dog or other animals and did not take any preventive measures developed rabies.
Second, there are many factors that influence whether a rabid dog bite?
A: 1 depends on the number of rabies virus into the human body, if the rabid dog is in the early stages of the disease, it is less than in the late stages of the rabies virus in the saliva of the open 2 whether the injury is serious also affect the bite of the person whether the disease. A large deep bite is easier to develop than a superficial wound with a small imitation mouth; 3 multiple bites are easier to develop than a single part of the bite, and the incubation period is short. 4 correct and timely treatment of wounds after being bitten is the first line of defense against rabies, if the correct treatment of wounds in a timely manner, and anti-rabies post-exposure treatment, can greatly reduce the risk of morbidity. 5 through mucosal infection morbidity wound skin infection is difficult to develop. The incidence of rabies is more likely to occur in people with low resistance than in people with high resistance.6 The incidence of rabies is higher in those who bite the head, face and neck near the central nervous system or in areas rich in peripheral nerves than in those who bite the limbs.7 The incidence of rabies is higher in people with low resistance than in those with high resistance.
Third, after being bitten by a dog, how to treat the wound?
A: 1, immediately after being bitten squeeze the wound to drain the venomous blood or use the fire can to dial the poison, but never use your mouth to suck the blood from the wound. 2, use 20% of the fertilizer water or 1% of the new Jell-O to thoroughly clean, followed by 2%-3% iodine or 75% alcohol local disinfection. 3, the local wound is not sutured in principle, not bandaged, not coated with soft tone, not powder to facilitate wound detoxification, such as injuries to the head and face, or wounds large and If the wound is on the head or face, or if the wound is large and deep, or if the wound is large and vascular and needs to be sutured and bandaged, it should be done in such a way that it does not interfere with drainage and ensures adequate flushing and disinfection, and can be sutured after the anti-serum treatment.
IV. What are the symptoms of rabies in humans?
A: After a person is injured by an animal infected with rabies virus, there are no symptoms during the incubation period, and the clinical symptoms rarely occur within 20 days, and most cases occur after 30 days or even 2-3 months. The incubation period is asymptomatic and progressive.
In the early stage of rabies, the patient mostly has symptoms such as low fever, headache, general laziness, nausea, irritability, fear and anxiety. Then, the patient becomes very sensitive to stimuli such as sound, light or wind, and immediately feels a tightness in the throat after the slightest stimulation. Around the wound of the animal bite, there is also the usual sensation of numbness, itching and pain, and the hands and feet and limbs seem to have ants crawling. After two or three days, the disease enters the excitement stage. Patients are in a state of high euphoria. The patient is terrified of water and wind, and when he encounters sound, light and wind, he will have severe muscle spasms in his throat. Although the patient is very lagoon but dare not drink water, drink water can not swallow, and even hear the sound of running water or other people talk about water, will also be throat spasms. In severe cases, the patient may have painful convulsions all over the body, causing difficulty in breathing. Most patients with rabies have a clear consciousness, but some patients may become mentally disturbed and talk nonsense. After two or three days of excitement, the patient becomes quiet, but then the whole body, respiratory and circulatory functions fail and the patient rapidly falls into a coma and dies after a dozen hours. The course of rabies generally does not exceed 6 days. Fear of water is a symptom that is unique to most manic rabies, and fear of water has not been seen in other diseases, so it is very probative.
V. Does rabies occur decades after a person is bitten by a rabid dog?
A: If a person is bitten by a rabid dog and does not take preventive measures in time, some people will develop rabies after a few years, but there is no scientific basis for reports of the onset of rabies after a decade or decades.
Six, rabies virus through which way into the human body and reproduction?
A: The most important way is that the rabies-infected animal in the bite, through saliva rabies virus into the human body, rabies virus can also enter the body through normal mucous membranes without damage, or with rabies virus liquid splashed into the eyes, through the conjunctiva into the human body, but in the way into the human body is much less examples, in addition, through the inhalation of air with rabies virus droplets and infection is also rare. Infection by inhalation of airborne rabies virus droplets is also rare and can only occur when the concentration of rabies virus in the air reaches extremely high levels. The virus invades at the site of the bite and remains in the local tissues for a short period of time, up to 1-2 weeks. The virus can invade adjacent peripheral nerves from neuroreceptors at the neuromuscular junction or other nerve tissue cells, or from neuroreceptors exposed at the superficial surface of the mucosa.
7. Can rabies be transmitted by contact with people?
Theoretically, only when a rabid person bites a healthy person, there is a possibility that the rabid person will be infected through the contaminated utensils.
H. Must the rabies vaccine be given within 24 hours of a rabid dog or suspected rabid dog bite in order to be effective?
A: In principle, the earlier the rabies vaccination is given, the better the results. However, more than 24 hours to inject the vaccine, as long as the vaccine is in effect, that is, the vaccine stimulates the body to produce sufficient immunity before the onset of disease, the vaccine can be effective, but the effect is not necessarily good for days and months of exposure and for various reasons have not been vaccinated against rabies, as long as the vaccine is available, should also be given as soon as possible with those who have just been exposed to inject, and strive to grab the vaccine before the onset of disease, so that the vaccine is effective. In this case, the dose of the previous injection or the first two injections should be doubled.
How can I know if the vaccine I received is effective?
A: To find out if the vaccination is effective, you can check the serum anti-rabies antibody level about half a month after the full vaccination. If the serum anti-rabies antibodies are negative, you can get 2-3 more injections to make the antibodies positive. Generally speaking, if the whole process (5 shots) of rabies vaccination is qualified, especially if rabies has not occurred after more than half a month with the serum, the chance of failure of the rabies vaccine is extremely small.
X. Can a young couple have a child during rabies vaccination?
A: None of the components of the rabies vaccine affect the chromosomes of human germ cells, which are harmful to humans at the genetic level, nor do they affect the intellectual and physical development of the embryo or fetus. Therefore, young couples can have children at any time without concern during rabies vaccination.
Are there any contraindications to rabies vaccination?
A: Considering that rabies is a lethal disease, there are no contraindications for highly exposed people to receive the vaccine immediately, on balance. In cases where the risk of rabies is low, if a person has a cold and a fever, he or she can receive the vaccine immediately after the body temperature has come down.
Emergency drugs such as epinephrine should be available at the time of vaccination. Patients should increase the dose of the vaccine and have the neutralizing antibody potency measured half a month after the last injection of the vaccine, and then take further measures as appropriate. Patients who have also received immunosuppressive drugs for other diseases should also have their neutralizing antibodies checked to prove whether the vaccine has produced sufficient immune potency for the disease. Patients who are being vaccinated against another disease may still receive rabies vaccine, but need to stagger the vaccination sites.
XII. Do people who have received rabies vaccine need to get another shot if they have been bitten by a dog?
A: For those who have received a full course of effective vaccine before or after exposure, if a lighter suspected contact infection occurs again within a year, the wound can be washed with soap and water immediately, and the biting dog can be closely observed for 10 days to see if it develops without vaccination. If a biting dog develops, immediately give the bitten person a human rabies vaccine; if the bite occurs again a year later, a vaccine can be given on the same day and on the third day. For severe bites, those who have received vaccination before but for a longer period of time and have doubts about the effectiveness of the vaccine, the full course of post-exposure prophylaxis, i.e. 5 doses of vaccine, should be repeated, including the use of rabies immunoglobulin if necessary.
XIII. Do pets that have been vaccinated against veterinary rabies and then bitten everyone still need rabies vaccination?
A: Pet dogs and cats have been vaccinated with the required amount of veterinary rabies vaccine in accordance with the requirements of the vaccine, during the immunization period, the person was slightly bitten by such a dog, you can only carry out local cleaning and disinfection of the wound, without injecting human rabies vaccine. However, if the bite is serious, or if the adult dog has not had enough shots, or if the vaccination has long passed the immunization period, or if the vaccine is unqualified or expired, it is better to have the human rabies vaccination to be safer.
Do kittens and puppies need rabies shots? How do I get the shot?
A: Within three months of the kitten, puppies do not need to play rabies vaccination, to be three months old, according to the prescribed injection procedures for immunization.
Fifteen, the incubation period of rabies is how long?
A: A person from the beginning of the infection by a certain pathogen to show the symptoms of the disease, this period is called the incubation period of the disease. The incubation period of rabies is generally half a month to three months, with most cases having an incubation period of 30-90 days and less than 1% having more than one year, with some cases reaching six years and very few reaching more than 15 years. The incubation period within one year can account for more than 99% of the total cases, while less than 0.1% of the cases exceed 6 years.
Sixteen, people and different animals to prevent rabies when using rabies vaccine can be cross-use?
A: No, it cannot be cross-used because the vaccine used for human is the one whose virus has been killed, while most of the rabies vaccines used for animals are live vaccines with weakened virulence, and whether their virulence is suitable for a certain animal is determined after many experiments.
XVII. Which animals can be infected with rabies?
A: All kinds of domestic animals, poultry and small mammals are susceptible to rabies, and all kinds of wild animals can also be infected. In short, almost all warm-blooded animals, including birds, can be infected with rabies. An animal is more susceptible to rabies transmitted by the same species.
XVIII. Is rabies resistant?
A: Rabies virus is not strong resistance to the external environment, general disinfectants, heating and sunlight can make it inactive, rabies virus is sensitive to soap and water and other lipid solvents, acids, alkalis, 45-70% alcohol, formalin, iodine preparations, Neosporin, but not easily inactivated by lysol, sulfonamides and antibiotics are not effective against rabies virus, the virus in the brain tissue of dogs that die in the field in winter at 4 ℃ The virus can be stored for several months under 4℃, and is resistant to drying and repeated freezing and thawing.
Can rabies vaccines from different manufacturers and batches be cross-used?
A: Generally speaking, it is not recommended to use two types, two manufacturers, or even two lots of rabies vaccine in one course of treatment. In particular, manufacturers are afraid that if problems arise during the injection, it is not easy to determine which manufacturer’s product is responsible for the problem. However, after many observations, it is confirmed that it can be used alternatively when it is a last resort.
Can I eat meat and milk from rabid animals or poultry bitten by rabid animals?
A: The meat of an animal confirmed to be rabid should not be eaten, but should be burned or buried deeply because the rabies virus is already widely present in the animal’s body and may infect people through tiny wounds on their hands during the slaughter process.
Other domestic animals that have been rabid animals, such as within 7 days after removing the meat from the bite (the scope should be as large as possible), the rest of the meat can still be eaten. However, people with wounds on their hands should not manipulate the knife, and the meat removed should be burned or buried deeply. The milk of crazy animals and bitten domestic animals is treated with the same principles as the meat.