Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine metabolic disease marked by hyperglycemia, which is mainly caused by various pathogenic factors such as genetic factors, environment and behavior. Type 2 diabetes is predominant in diabetes mellitus, accounting for about 90% of cases. With the development of social economy and the acceleration of urbanization, people’s lifestyles are changing, mainly manifested by less physical labor, more sedentary, and high-calorie diet. At the same time, the gradual aging of our population also aggravates the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. The results of successive diabetes epidemiological surveys show that the prevalence of diabetes in China was 0.67% in 1980, 2.5% in 1994, 9.7% in 2008, and 11.6% in 2013, with about 113.9 million people. Experts predict that the number of people with diabetes in China will reach 500 million by 2030. The diabetes epidemic in China is becoming an increasingly prominent public health problem, and the sheer number of people with diabetes, combined with the complexity of the onset and treatment of diabetes itself, makes its prevention and treatment an unprecedented challenge. The WHO recognizes that community health services are an effective way to control chronic diseases such as diabetes, and that promoting the equalization of public health services is one of the five key elements of China’s health service system reform, and that the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases is an important part of the equalization of basic health services. To strengthen the public health management of residents’ lifestyles and health concepts is the main topic of community health management today. In the past, chronic disease management was a hospital-focused management model, but now, it has changed to a comprehensive management model that combines hospital management, community management, family management and self-management. Among the changes in the management model of chronic diseases, the governance and management of diabetes has been at the forefront. However, despite the continuous push for new models of diabetes prevention and management, there is still a large number of people with diabetes who are not receiving adequate treatment and management. As a major public health problem, the most effective way to control diabetes is to use community health services to carry out comprehensive prevention and treatment strategies that focus on controlling risk factors and promoting healthy lifestyles. The prevention and intervention of chronic diseases such as diabetes should be moved forward, mainly by strengthening the primary prevention of chronic diseases in the community, developing prevention and treatment strategies on a group basis, and implementing individualized management. Fulfilling the chronic disease management model in the community is effective in promoting clinical outcomes and behavioral management of chronic patients such as diabetes, etc. The Ministry of Health’s “Basic Public Health Services 2011 Edition Specifications” clearly states that the basic public health services unfolded in the country are eleven, including guidance for people at risk of chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes, registration of patients with confirmed hypertension and diabetes management, regular follow-up visits, etc.