The three major tests of the saphenous vein are to understand the function of the superficial venous valves, the patency of the deep veins of the lower limbs and the function of the valves of the perforating veins. The three major saphenous vein tests are the superficial vein valve function test (TrendelenburgTest), deep vein patency test (PerthesTest), and perforating vein valve function test (PrattTest). 1. Positive superficial venous valve function test shows that after releasing the tourniquet that compresses the saphenous vein, the blood in the superficial vein rapidly flows backward from top to bottom, and the vein becomes full from top to bottom, which indicates that the venous valve is not functioning properly. 2. Positive deep vein patency test indicates deep vein obstruction when the tourniquet compressing the saphenous vein is loosened and the filled superficial vein is aggravated instead of disappearing or even distended after exerting lower limb activities. 3. Positive valvular function test of the perforating vein shows the presence of varicose veins between the bandages wrapped around the popliteal fossa, which indicates the presence of a dysfunctional perforating vein in that area. The above three tests can be used to comprehensively evaluate the saphenous vein and to choose the appropriate treatment. It is recommended to consult a physician for standardized treatment.