A routine urine test is a basic urine test. A specimen of urine is obtained from a patient and placed under a microscope for direct observation to see if the urine has a normal pattern. Under normal circumstances, urine contains very small amounts of red blood cells, white blood cells and some tubular and crystalline components. However, if there is an abnormal increase in red blood cells, white blood cells or tubular components under the microscope, it is a sign that the patient may have a disease condition. At the same time, the urine should be put into the examination instrument and some analysis should be done. The analysis is mainly to detect the sugar content, specific gravity, pH and bilirubin level in the urine to determine whether the urine is in normal condition. If the test results are normal, no other ancillary tests are required. However, if there are some abnormal items after the routine urine examination, it suggests that the patient may have some urinary system diseases, and then further testing is needed according to the abnormal results. For example, an increase in the number of red blood cells may indicate the presence of bleeding in the urinary tract. An increased number of white blood cells indicates an infection in the urinary tract. Therefore, it is a basic laboratory test to speculate whether there is a urinary tract disease, but it cannot determine the nature of the disease, the location of the disease, the severity of the disease, etc.