1, drug treatment (1) The goal of acute treatment is to reduce regurgitant flow, restore antegrade blood flow, and reduce pulmonary stasis. Sodium nitroprusside can simultaneously dilate small arteries and veins, reduce anterior and afterload, and should be preferred. In low cardiac output, positive inotropic agents (e.g., dobutamine) or aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP) may be used in combination. When the cause is infective endocarditis or ischemic heart disease, the etiologic treatment is given at the same time. (2) Chronic diuretic, vasodilator and cardiotonic therapy are given as appropriate according to clinical symptoms. In atrial fibrillation, anticoagulation treatment is the same as mitral stenosis. Clinical symptoms, left ventricular size and left heart function are the deciding factors for considering whether to operate. (1) Patients with asymptomatic moderate MR should be operated if any of the following conditions are met: ① Decompensated cardiac function, EF50mm, LVEDD>70mm. ② Restricted activity, abnormal increase in pulmonary embolic pressure after activity. ③Pulmonary hypertension (resting pulmonary artery pressure >50 mmHg; >60 mmHg after exercise). (iv) Atrial fibrillation. (2) Surgery should be performed regardless of whether the cardiac function is normal or not. If EF <0.3, the patient will be treated according to the specific situation.