Glaucoma is a disease characterized by characteristic optic nerve atrophy and visual field defects as a common feature, and pathologically elevated intraocular pressure is its main risk factor. It is ranked as the second most blinding eye disease by the World Health Organization. Clinically, glaucoma is divided into three major categories: primary glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, and developmental glaucoma. Among them, primary glaucoma is the main type of glaucoma in China, accounting for about 86.7%. The cause of this type of glaucoma is not completely elucidated, so it is called primary glaucoma; secondary glaucoma is glaucoma with a clear cause, usually caused by other diseases of the eye or the whole body; developmental glaucoma, also called childhood glaucoma, develops in infancy and adolescence, which we can also understand as congenital glaucoma. If further subdivided, primary glaucoma can also be divided into closed-angle type and open-angle type; secondary glaucoma can be divided into inflammation-related glaucoma, trauma-related glaucoma, lens-related, vascular disease-related, syndrome-related, and drug-related glaucoma.