I. What are intestinal infectious diseases? Intestinal infectious diseases are a group of diseases transmitted through the digestive tract. The main common ones are cholera, bacterial dysentery, hand, foot and mouth disease, hepatitis A, bacterial food poisoning, etc. The pathogens of intestinal infectious diseases are discharged from the feces and vomit of patients and pathogen carriers, contaminate the surrounding environment, and then enter the gastrointestinal tract through water, food, hands, flies, cockroaches and other media through the mouth, reproduce in the human body, produce toxins to cause disease, and continue to discharge pathogens and then infect other healthy people. Second, the transmission of intestinal infectious diseases 1, through the water transmission. As the source of drinking water by intestinal infectious diseases and pathogen carriers of feces, vomit in the water or washing the patient’s clothes, utensils, hands, etc. caused by water contamination, can cause cholera, typhoid, bacterial dysentery outbreaks of epidemic. 2, spread by food. In the food processing, storage, production, transportation of sales and other processes contaminated by pathogens of intestinal infectious diseases can cause local epidemics and outbreaks of epidemics. 3, contact transmission. By shaking hands, using or having touched the patient’s clothing, stationery, door furniture, doorknobs, RMB, etc. resulting in the spread of pathogens. 4, insect transmission. The pathogens of some intestinal infectious diseases can survive in the human body for a period of time and spread through insects such as flies and cockroaches that move around. Preventive measures for intestinal infectious diseases The key to preventing intestinal infectious diseases is to keep the “disease from the mouth” gate, pay attention to diet and water hygiene, and develop good hygiene habits. 1, actively carry out patriotic health campaign. Strengthen the sanitary management of feces, garbage and sewage, and mobilize the public to exterminate flies and cockroaches. 2.Pay attention to dietary hygiene. Do not eat rotten food, raw vegetables, fruits and vegetables must be washed and scalded, leftover food, leftovers to be cooked before eating, eating utensils should be disinfected regularly. Food service industry, food processing and sales units and collective canteens, to seriously implement food hygiene law. 3, improve drinking water hygiene. Do not drink raw water, drink boiled water. Protect the water source and prevent pollution. Drinking utensils should be disinfected regularly to ensure that the drinking water hygiene. 4, pay attention to personal hygiene. Develop the habit of washing hands before meals and after defecation. Cut your nails and change your clothes regularly. Canteen, catering staff should pay more attention to personal hygiene, regular physical examination, found to have infectious diseases, should be promptly transferred from work. 5.Enhance physical resistance. Usually do more physical activities to enhance physical fitness. At the same time, to receive the appropriate preventive vaccination, to enhance the body’s immunity to disease. Fourth, hand, foot and mouth disease prevention and control knowledge Hand, foot and mouth disease has caused social panic, the news media widely concerned. In fact, HFMD is a global infectious disease, and there are reports of epidemics in most parts of the world. 1957 was the first report in New Zealand, and the coxsackie virus was isolated in 1958. The early discovery of HFMD was mainly due to coxsackievirus, while the association of HFMD with EV71 infection was first reported in the early 1970s, and EV71 was first confirmed in the United States in 1972. Since then, EV71 infection has alternated with coxsackievirus infection as the main pathogen of HFMD. HFMD is one of the common infectious diseases caused by enteroviruses, mostly occurring in preschool children, especially in infants and children under 3 years of age. It can cause fever and maculopapular rash and herpes on the hands, feet and mouth, and a few patients can cause fatal complications such as myocarditis, pulmonary edema, aseptic meningoencephalitis and circulatory failure. The source of HFMD infection is the patient and the latent infected person. Patients excrete virus from the pharynx 1-2 weeks after the onset of the disease and from the feces in about 3-5 weeks. The herpes fluid contains a large amount of virus, which spills out when it breaks. The virus is mainly transmitted through close contact between people; the virus in the patient’s throat secretions and saliva can be transmitted through air droplets; saliva, herpes fluid, feces contaminated hands, towels, handkerchiefs, tooth cups, toys, eating utensils, milk utensils, bedding, underwear, etc. can be transmitted through daily contact, and also through the mouth. Virus-contaminated water sources can also be infected orally and often cause epidemics. Cross-infection in outpatient clinics and poor disinfection of oral instruments can also cause transmission. The ratio of recessive infection to dominant infection is 100:1, and most adults have acquired the corresponding antibodies through recessive infection. Therefore, patients with HFMD are mainly preschool children, especially in the ≤3-year-old age group with the highest incidence. At present, there is no effective preventive vaccine, but as long as good hygiene habits, “wash hands, drink boiled water, eat cooked food, diligent ventilation, sun-drying,” etc., HFMD can be prevented. HFMD hygiene disinfection: patient feces, sputum, urine can be disinfected with an appropriate amount of bleach or 84 disinfectant; commode, spittoon, etc., disinfected with 0.5% 84 disinfectant soak 30-60min; utensils, medicine cups, food using boiling disinfection 15-30min; clothes, bedding can be disinfected in the sun: toys with 0.5% 84 disinfection soak; ground, walls, doors and windows, furniture, delivery Tools can be disinfected by wiping or spraying with 0.5% 84 disinfectant solution; hand disinfection can be done by wiping hands with 75% alcohol, 0.5% effective iodophor solution for 1 to 3 min. V. Personal preventive measures for hand, foot and mouth disease 1. Wash children’s hands with soap or hand sanitizer before meals and after going out, do not let children drink raw water or eat cold food, and avoid contact with sick children; 2. 3.Bottles and pacifiers used by infants should be washed well before and after use; 4.Pay attention to the proper nutrition of children, but also let children rest well, appropriate sun exposure, to enhance their immunity; 5.During the epidemic period, children should not be taken to public places where crowds gather and air circulation is poor, pay attention to maintaining family environmental hygiene, the living room should be Parents should take their children to the hospital as soon as possible for treatment once they notice symptoms such as fever and rash. Parents should promptly dry or disinfect the child’s clothes and disinfect the child’s feces; children with minor illnesses do not need to be hospitalized and should be treated and rested at home to reduce cross-infection; 7. 8, poultry and livestock should be kept in captivity, avoid mixing people and animals in one place, especially to reduce the direct contact between children and poultry and livestock. Summer is the high incidence of hand, foot and mouth disease, parents must give their children good protective measures.