I. Function of the lid gland and the dangers of lid gland-related diseases The lid gland is an enlarged, specialized sebaceous gland located in the eyelid lid, arranged perpendicular to the lid margin and opening at the lid margin. There are approximately 30-40 glands in the upper lid and 20-30 glands in the lower lid. Under normal conditions the lid glands secrete a clear fluid of lipid, which is the main source of the lipid layer on the surface of the tear film of the eye and is important for maintaining a healthy eye surface by reducing tear evaporation. Lid gland-related disorders are caused by various causes of lid gland dysfunction, including lid gland agenesis, abnormal gland opening, and inflammation of the lid margin, all of which can lead to qualitative and quantitative changes in lid gland lipid secretion, with clinical manifestations such as tear film instability, evaporative dry eye, keratoconjunctivitis, and in severe cases, corneal changes such as punctate keratitis, corneal neovascularization, corneal ulceration, and even perforation. The most common lid gland-related disorders are abnormal changes in the corneal conjunctiva due to obstruction of the lid gland opening and are often misdiagnosed as chronic conjunctivitis, viral keratitis, etc. Antibiotic and antiviral eye drops are not effective. The diagnosis of lid gland-related disease relies on the physician’s observation of the lid margin, the location of the lid gland opening, and the nature of the secretions under the slit lamp, and the application of special equipment to observe the morphology and distribution of the lid gland through the conjunctival surface of the lid, but is often missed or misdiagnosed by the clinician or because of the limitations of the equipment. We have now introduced the latest infrared lid gland scanner for noninvasive examination of the lid gland, which allows in vivo observation of the morphology, distribution, and absence of the lid gland through the conjunctival surface of the lid. Physical therapy for lid-related disorders is important. Lid-related disorders are chronic ocular surface diseases that are difficult to treat and include lid gland dysfunction and blepharitis. Treatment of lid gland dysfunction involves improving the obstruction of the lid gland opening and promoting the secretion of lid gland secretions, on the one hand, and effectively removing abnormal lipids and reducing irritation of the ocular surface, on the other. Therefore, in addition to the routine use of anti-inflammatory drops and artificial tears as prescribed by the physician, physical therapy is more important to promote lipid drainage. For patients with severe obstruction of the lid gland opening, obvious lipid plugs, and more viscous lipids that cannot be easily drained, professional treatment and guidance should be provided by a health care professional. In order to meet the needs of our patients, our newest treatment is blepharoplasty, in which our medical professionals apply heat, massage, and squeeze the eyelids to squeeze out and unblock the openings of the blephar gland that have accumulated for a long time and cannot be drained on their own. There is no substitute for the improvement of diseases related to the lid gland such as evaporative dry eye.