Frostbite treatment 1, frostbite degree: (1) 1 degree: injury and the epidermis layer, local congestion, redness and swelling, the formation of red spots, can be self-healing, 5-10 days with skin peeling off. (2) 2 degrees: injury and skin hair layer, blister formation, can recover on its own, longer, 2-3 weeks blisters disappear, the formation of scabs, 3-4 weeks scabs off healing. (3) Degree 3: Injury and skin and subcutaneous tissue, skin necrosis of the whole layer, blue-purple, long and unbearable pain, up to 3 to 5 weeks, edema is slow to subside. The necrotic tissues dry out and form black dry scabs, and the dry scabs separate and fall off to reveal granulation tissue. (4) degree 4: skin, subcutaneous, muscle, bone are necrosis, mainly for limb pain, lasting 15-30 days, until the formation of dry necrosis, pain disappears. Some patients still have pain after amputation and may have combined neuritis, arteritis, and infection. The 4th degree frostbite demarcation line appears 12 days after rewarming, and the dry limb is shed for a long time, as long as 2 months. 2, frostbite first aid and treatment: (1) out of the environment, as soon as possible, rapid rewarming, rewarming after the application of frostbite cream. (2) give systemic symptomatic support treatment, pain relief, warmth, cardiac strength, prevent kidney failure, shock. (3) Frostbite is divided into two phases: freezing phase and after melting. (4) Rapid rewarming: water temperature 42 to 45 degrees, usually about 20 minutes, severe pain during rewarming, you can use drugs until the frozen tissue is softened and the skin is flushed. (5) Treatment after melting: local exposure, poor microcirculation at the frostbite site, easy to use topical drugs locally, local drugs are mainly: frostbite cream containing furacilin, dexamethasone. Give antibiotics, topical furacilin solution wet dressing, 2/day. 4 degrees try to wait for frostbite tissue to fall off on its own, before surgery must wait until after the demarcation line is obvious. (6) Frostbite combined with shock treatment: rehydration, improve microcirculation, avoid the use of vasoconstrictive drugs. (7) 4 degrees of inpatient treatment: room temperature 25 degrees, non-smoking, high-calorie diet, bed rest. (8) Systemic medication for severe frostbite: can improve microcirculation. (9) 2 degrees or more frostbite injection tetanus.