Ear frostbite, also known as auricular frostbite, the skin of the auricle appears red and swollen, itchy and hot, always want to rub with the hand, gradually feel tingling, sometimes the skin is shiny and blisters appear. Severe auricular frostbite skin rupture, ulcers can occur, the auricle flow yellow water, the surface of the scab. Auricle due to long-term ischemia, lack of oxygen can occur dry necrosis, “frozen off the ear” phenomenon is not uncommon. It is not uncommon to see “frozen ears”, resulting in lifelong ear defects and crippling deformities. In the cold winter, many people will have auricular frostbite, auricular skin appears red, swollen, itchy, hot, always want to rub the hand, and gradually feel tingling, and sometimes the skin is bright and blisters appear. Severe auricular frostbite skin rupture, ulcers can occur, the auricle flow yellow water, the surface of the scab. Auricle due to long-term ischemia, lack of oxygen can occur dry necrosis, “frozen off the ear” phenomenon is not uncommon. Cause lifelong ear defects and crippling deformities. The reason why the ear is most prone to frostbite, and the structure of the ear has a close relationship. Because the entire auricle in addition to the earlobe has fat tissue can keep warm, the rest of the skin is only very thin wrapped around the cartilage, inside the blood vessels are very small, insulation ability is extremely poor. Especially in winter, the ear is stimulated by the cold climate, the blood supply of blood vessels in the ear than other parts of the body will be less, the end of the blood circulation is impaired, the qi and blood run poorly, and thus prone to frostbite. Generally winter, from indoor to outdoor a process, indoor temperature is high, the bottom of the outdoor temperature, the ear is exposed to the outside, the ear suddenly from a warm environment to a cold environment is not adapted to, the most easy to freeze. Ear frostbite epidermal and dermal edema, vascular congestion, visible red thrombus formation, followed by intimal hyperplasia, lumen narrowing. Skin attachments atrophy or degenerate. Adipose tissue shows crystallization and necrosis, and there are sometimes free and intracellular fat droplets in blood vessels (a unique feature of frostbite). As the degree of frostbite increases, the degree of degeneration and necrosis of the tissue cells becomes more severe, and histopathological changes of dry and wet gangrene may be manifested. Bacterial culture of ear, nose and pharyngeal swabs Bacteria in the ear, nose and pharynx come from the outside world and do not cause disease under normal circumstances. However, under normal circumstances, they are not pathogenic, but can be infected when the body’s systemic or local resistance decreases and other external factors lead to disease. Therefore, bacterial culture of ear, nose and pharynx swabs can isolate pathogenic bacteria, which is helpful for the diagnosis of otitis media, rhinitis, sinusitis, diphtheria, suppurative tonsillitis, acute pharyngolaryngitis and so on. The specimen is taken by the doctor using a sterile cotton swab, and the secretion from the patient’s lesion is sent for examination. Examination precautions: 1, the collection of specimens should try to avoid the contamination of normal settlement bacteria, can be in the affected area first with a sterile cotton swab to wipe the surface, and then take the specimen. If there is pseudomembrane, use sterilized tweezers to peel off the pseudomembrane and send it for examination; if there is abscess, pus should be extracted and sent for examination. 2. According to the requirements of asepsis, the mouth of the test tube is placed on the flame of an alcohol lamp and sterilized, then the swab is inserted into the test tube and a cotton plug is inserted to send the specimen for examination.