The absence of hematopoietic function means hematopoietic failure, and there are two clinical conditions. The first condition is hematopoietic failure caused by autoimmune disorders, and one of the most common diseases is aplastic anemia. Due to the damage caused by the body’s T lymphocytes to its own hematopoietic stem cells, the number of hematopoietic stem cells is reduced and they cannot proliferate and divide normally, resulting in a reduction of the peripheral blood trilineage. For aplastic anemia, it can be treated with cyclosporine, androgens and the application of anti-lymphocyte and globulin drugs. Also, for acute aplastic anemia, it can be treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The second situation is that chemotherapeutic drugs cause hematopoietic decompensation. For example, after chemotherapy for malignant tumor patients, the damage to hematopoietic stem cells caused by chemotherapeutic drugs may also cause temporary hematopoietic decompensation.