Malaria is an insect-borne disease caused by Plasmodium infection through the bite of Anopheles mosquitoes or the importation of blood from Plasmodium carriers. There are four types of Plasmodium parasites in humans, namely Plasmodium intergenericum, Plasmodium trisporus, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium ovale. Pathogen: The pathogen of malaria is human Plasmodium, but not all Plasmodium can infect humans. Not all Plasmodium can infect humans. There are four types of Plasmodium that can infect humans: Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium trisporus and Plasmodium falciparum. Plasmodium falciparum causes more severe clinical symptoms and can lead to multiple organ damage, such as cerebral malaria, with a high mortality rate for P. falciparum, while other types rarely die. Source of infection: Malaria patients and people with Plasmodium vivax. Transmission route: mosquito bites, but not all mosquitoes can be the vector, Anopheles is the vector of malaria. China is mainly Anopheles sinensis. Infectious diseases transmitted by mosquitoes, and dengue fever, through the Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, China is mainly Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, and BSE can be transmitted through Culex, Aedes and Anopheles mosquitoes, China is mainly three bands beak Culex. Population susceptibility: people are susceptible to malaria, and those who have been infected with malaria will get immunity and have certain immunity to the same type of Plasmodium, and the symptoms are relatively mild after re-infection. However, there is no cross-immunity among the four species of Plasmodium, which means that the immunity acquired after infection with one species of Plasmodium has no immunity to the other three species of Plasmodium. Epidemic characteristics: Because it is transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes, malaria is mainly prevalent in the tropics and subtropics, mainly in Yunnan and Hainan in China. However, there are imported cases from malaria endemic areas, such as tourists and migrant workers. For those who are not obliged to work in endemic areas, it is often not easy to think of malaria when they encounter malaria cases, which delays the time of diagnosis. Clinical manifestations: The typical manifestations are high fever, chills, and profuse sweating. Each fever lasts for 2 to 6 hours, with an interval in between. Each attack is a massive destruction of red blood cells harboring Plasmodium parasites, so after several repetitions, the patient will show signs of anemia. Patients with falciparum malaria will have more red blood cell destruction, a large amount of hemoglobinuria can appear soy sauce-colored urine (black urine fever), which can lead to kidney damage, severe acute renal failure, and if there is cerebral malaria, there will be severe headache. Treatment: Nowadays, artesunate, artemether and dihydroartemisinin are commonly used. Chloroquine is more resistant and can be used for the treatment of sensitive Plasmodium. Artesunate is preferred in China. Prevention: Historically, the most effective way to prevent malaria was to cut off the transmission route through mosquito eradication. Extensive mosquito eradication used to greatly reduce the incidence of malaria, and experts once thought that malaria could be eliminated in this way. The World Health Organization hopes to eliminate malaria deaths in 2015, but it seems difficult to achieve, and China hopes to eliminate malaria in 2020, but it is also a long way to go.