How to treat cervical cancer

Cervical cancer, clinically known as uterine cervix cancer, is the most common gynecological malignancy, with a high incidence at the age of 50-55. Due to the popularization of cervical cancer screening, early detection and treatment of cervical cancer and pre-cancerous lesions have made it possible, and its morbidity and mortality rates have dropped significantly. According to the clinical stage, patient’s age, fertility requirements, general condition, medical technology level and equipment conditions, etc., surgery and radiotherapy are adopted as the main treatment, supplemented by chemotherapy. 1. Surgery: The advantage of surgery is that young patients can retain ovarian and vaginal functions, and it is mainly used for patients with early stage cervical cancer (stage IA-IIA). According to different stages, the scope of surgical resection is different, and the main surgical methods include total extrafascial hysterectomy and total intrafascial hysterectomy. Since cancer cells may invade nearby lymph nodes, it is necessary to remove pelvic and abdominal lymph nodes according to the scope of lesions while performing hysterectomy. For non-menopausal patients <45 years old with squamous carcinoma, ovaries can be preserved; for young patients who want to preserve their reproductive function, conical cervical resection is feasible, and nearby lymph nodes need to be cleared according to the scope of lesions at the same time. Radiotherapy: (1) radical radiotherapy: applicable to some patients with stage IB2 and IIA2 and IIB-IVA and patients with stage IA1-IB/IIA whose systemic conditions are not suitable for surgery; (2) adjuvant radiotherapy: applicable to patients with intermediate or high risk factors found by pathological examination after surgery; (3) palliative radiotherapy: applicable to advanced patients with localized tumor-reducing radiotherapy or palliative radiotherapy for metastatic lesions. (3) Palliative radiotherapy: for advanced patients with localized tumor reduction radiotherapy or palliative radiotherapy for metastatic lesions. (3) Systemic therapy: including systemic chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Chemotherapy is mainly used for advanced stage, recurrent metastatic patients and radical contemporaneous radiotherapy, and it can also be used for adjuvant treatment before and after surgery. Therefore, cervical cancer can be treated by surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy.