If the jaundice is physiological, it usually does not require special treatment and can subside on its own. The effect on the baby is not significant. If the jaundice is pathological, it can have neurotoxic effects on the baby, resulting in varying degrees of impaired intelligence and hearing loss. The most serious neurotoxic effect is bilirubin encephalopathy, also known as nuclear jaundice (that is, in addition to yellow skin, excessive bilirubin enters the brain through the blood-brain barrier, and the inside of the head is yellow). If bilirubin encephalopathy occurs, the baby’s condition is very serious, and may suffer from convulsions (also known as “cramps”) or even die. There is no effective treatment available. Therefore, today I emphasize that neonatal jaundice cannot be ignored, must be detected early, must be correctly distinguished from physiological or pathological, must be distinguished from mild or severe, and must be diagnosed and treated with early intervention, which is of great importance in terms of eugenics and improving the quality of the population.