Cerebral hemorrhage refers to bleeding in the brain parenchyma due to non-traumatic causes. There are various causes of cerebral hemorrhage, and the acute stage of cerebral hemorrhage has a high mortality rate, so it is extremely important to understand the causes of cerebral hemorrhage and adopt targeted prevention and treatment measures. The most important cause of cerebral hemorrhage is hypertension. The small arteries in the brain are sclerotic under the effect of long-term hypertension, and the elasticity of the walls of the small arteries is weakened, and even microaneurysms are formed, so the blood vessels are prone to rupture and bleeding when the blood pressure rises suddenly. Other causes are less common than hypertension, including cerebral arteriovenous malformation, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, abnormal vascular network disease at the base of the brain, cerebral arteritis, hematological disease, thrombolytic or anticoagulant therapy, etc. Among them, cerebrovascular malformation is a more common cause and one of the main causes of cerebral hemorrhage in young people, because malformed blood vessels are extremely irregular, and often have segmental dilatation, elastic fiber discontinuity, smooth muscle dysplasia and other lesions. Because of the irregularity of malformed blood vessels and the presence of segmental dilatation, elastic fiber discontinuity, smooth muscle dysplasia and other lesions, malformed cerebral vessels are also prone to rupture and bleeding. Thrombolysis or anticoagulation therapy is also one of the main causes of cerebral hemorrhage in patients with acute cerebral infarction. When patients with acute cerebral infarction undergo thrombolysis or anticoagulation therapy, rupture and hemorrhage are likely to occur due to the dissolution of emboli in blocked vessels, revascularization, reperfusion shock of blood in the proximal vessels, and destruction of the integrity of the vessel wall due to prolonged ischemic and hypoxic necrosis of the distal vessels, coupled with the formation of collateral circulation and imperfect neovascularization. In summary, there are various causes of cerebral hemorrhage, among which the most common and important cause is hypertension. In the treatment process of cerebral hemorrhage, the first thing is to distinguish the cause in order to carry out targeted treatment and prevention.