1.Less food and more meals
6-8 meals per day to reduce the irritation of food to the intestine. Eat and chew food slowly to ensure adequate absorption.
2.Limit the intake of liquid when eating
Limit the intake of liquid when eating, it is best to drink water and eat solid food separately, because drinking water when eating can make the intestinal peristalsis accelerate, resulting in incomplete digestion and absorption of food. Slow down the speed of drinking water, it is best to drink before or half an hour after the meal. Water.
3, the food should include the following nutrients
Food should be high protein, low fiber carbohydrates and a medium amount of fat. High protein foods include: fish, poultry, meat, eggs, tofu and dairy products, although peanuts and beans also contain a lot of protein, but the patient tolerates them less well. Low-fiber carbohydrates are preferably starches, including white bread, some cereals, potatoes without skin, and white rice noodles he. Fatty foods include oil, butter, margarine, broth and creamy salsa. Li Yousheng, General Surgery Department, Nanjing Military Region General Hospital
4. Limit or avoid overly sweet foods
Foods that are too sweet include candy, corn syrup, syrup, and honey. Foods and beverages containing too much sugar cookies, candy, chocolate, soda, juice drinks should be avoided or limited as much as possible.
5.Beverages that should be included in the diet
Sufficient beverages (250ml or more) should be consumed daily to avoid dehydration, preferably water, non-coffee tea and coffee.
6.Low oxalate diet
Low oxalate to prevent the formation of kidney stones. Foods high in oxalate are: tea, cola, chocolate, nuts, green leafy vegetables, celery, strawberries, blueberries and oranges. The intake of the above-mentioned foods should be limited.
7. Consume a low-fiber diet
Dietary fiber exists in fruits, vegetables, nuts, plant seeds, legumes, cereals and other plant-based foods. And animal products such as meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, fat are no dietary fiber. Diets high in fiber promote regular small intestinal motility and are therefore considered healthy foods. However, because some patients have recently undergone gastrointestinal surgery, fiber becomes difficult to obtain during their recovery period. To relieve symptoms such as bloating, belching, and diarrhea, nutrition experts and internists recommend starting a low dietary fiber diet with the goal of maintaining a fiber intake of no less than 15 grams per day.
The following information on dietary fiber content will help you in your food choices
Low dietary fiber diets
Diets high in dietary fiber
Canned fruits
Fruit and vegetable peels and seeds
Fresh unpeeled and seedless fruits
Coconut
Fruit or vegetable juices
Dried fruit
Cream of wheat
Cereal, toast bread, white rice
Nuts, sunflower seeds and foods containing nuts and sunflower seeds
Cereal bread
Barbecue
Bran cereal products
Black rice
Other sources of dietary fiber – vegetables
Uncooked vegetables are not well digested, while well cooked vegetables are good for digestion, but avoid vegetables that are bloated and difficult to digest.
The following table will help you in your food selection.
Vegetables that are easy to digest
Vegetables that are difficult to digest
Carrots
Onions
Green beans
Cauliflower
Spinach
Cauliflower
Beets
Cabbage
Peeled potatoes
Brussels sprouts
Asparagus, lettuce
Legumes, such as lentils, peas
Seedless peeled tomatoes
Corn
Seedless peeled cucumbers
Collard greens
Seedless juices
Peas
8.Provision of vitamins and minerals
It is not possible to have the same diet after surgery as before surgery, so it is extremely important to take extra daily vitamin supplements. Patients with short bowel syndrome require a special supply of vitamins and minerals. The following is just for reference.
A. Vitamin A&E
If most of the ileum is removed, appropriate supplementation of water-soluble vitamin A and fat-soluble vitamin E is recommended.
B.Vitamin B12
Patients with short bowel syndrome with terminal ileal resection need B12 injection every 1 to 3 months.
C. Calcium
Most of the ileum has been resected, while the colon is intact, additional calcium supplementation is needed.
D. Potassium
Frequent diarrhea can lead to low blood potassium. It should be supplemented appropriately. However, it is important to remember that too much potassium can affect heart function and can even be fatal. Foods rich in blood potassium, such as oranges, potatoes and bananas, can be consumed.
E. Zinc
Frequent diarrhea may lose too much zinc. Proper zinc supplementation helps to maintain the function of the organism.
9. Enteral nutrition support
If you cannot maintain your current weight, parenteral and enteral nutritional support will help you. Nevertheless, there is no standard nutritional regimen to choose from due to the different surgical procedures, and if there are enteral nutrition preparations that contain too much sugar, they are not recommended. Because of this, the nutritional regimen should be individualized. If you tolerate dairy products, try adding a specially formulated milk product to your diet for added energy and protein.
10. Principles of diet log
Every patient with short bowel syndrome should get into the habit of keeping a diet log to help evaluate dietary tolerance status.
A diet log should contain the following information.
A. Time of meals, snacks and drinks.
B. The name of the food or drink eaten or consumed.
C. The amount of food and drink eaten and consumed.
D. Any discomfort after the diet, please record the symptoms.
If there is an ileostomy or colostomy, it is convenient to record the total amount of stoma fluid per day.