Osteoarthritis: One of the most common joint lesions, osteoarthritis has an extremely wide variety of names, such as hypertrophic osteoarthritis, degenerative arthritis, degenerative arthritis, proliferative osteoarthritis or osteoarthrosis, all referring to one disease, and osteoarthritis is used uniformly in China. Its prevalence increases with age and is more frequent in women than in men. The distal and proximal interphalangeal joints of the hand, the knee, elbow and shoulder joints, and the spinal joints are susceptible to osteoarthritis, while the wrist and ankle joints are less frequently affected. Osteoarthritis can begin at age 20, but most are asymptomatic and generally not easily detected. The prevalence of osteoarthritis increases with age and is more common in women than men. According to the World Health Organization, the prevalence of osteoarthritis is 50% in people over the age of 50 and 80% in people over the age of 55. Foreign surveys have indicated that those with significant x-ray evidence of osteoarthritis account for 25% of men and 30% of women in the 45-64 age group. In the age group of 65 years or older, the prevalence rises to 58% in men and 65% in women. Clinical surveys also confirm that the incidence of osteoarthritis is 29% between the ages of 59-69 and about 70% at the age of 75 or older. China classifies 60 years of age or older as elderly, and it is estimated that by the end of this century, China will have reached 100 million people entering old age. As a rough estimate of the incidence of osteoarthritis, borrowed from the above foreign survey, the number of osteoarthritis patients in China alone in the elderly can reach about 50 million. In 1999, the World Health Organization listed osteoarthritis, cardiovascular disease and cancer as the top three killers of human health. Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by synovitis of the joints. Persistent and recurrent attacks of synovitis can lead to destruction of cartilage and bone in the joints, joint dysfunction, and even disability. Vasculitis lesions involve all organs of the body, so the disease is also known as rheumatoid disease. The cause of the disease is still unclear, and some patients have been affected by cold, humidity, exertion, trauma or mental factors during the onset of the disease. Osteomalacia Osteomalacia is a manifestation of osteoarthritis, which is a degenerative change of bone and joint. According to statistics, 45%-50% of people over the age of 40 have osteophytes, and after the age of 60, more than 80% of people have osteophytes to a greater or lesser extent. Frozen shoulder Frozen shoulder, also known as shoulder arthritis, is a chronic inflammation of the soft tissues of the muscles, tendons, bursa and joint capsule around the shoulder, and is more common in people around 50 years old. However, it is not uncommon in people under 50 years of age because the muscles and ligaments of the shoulder are under tension due to the long-term ambulatory work of office workers. According to Chinese medicine, this disease is caused by wind and cold in the shoulder, and because of the stiffness of the chest and shoulder joints after the disease, the movement is limited as if it is frozen, so it is called “frozen shoulder” or “shoulder condensation”. The shoulder joint is the joint with the largest range of motion of any joint in the body. The joint capsule is loose and the stability of the joint is mostly maintained by the strength of the muscles, muscles and ligaments around the joint. Because of the poor blood supply to the tendons and the degenerative changes that occur with age, and because of the frequent activities of the shoulder joint, the surrounding soft tissues are often subjected to friction and extrusion from various sources, making it susceptible to chronic strain injury. Osteoporosis is a disorder of bone metabolism in which the microstructure of bone tissue is damaged, bone mineral composition and bone matrix are reduced in equal proportion, bone mass is thinned, the number of bone trabeculae is reduced, bone fragility is increased, and the risk of fracture is increased. Osteoporosis is generally divided into two major categories, namely primary osteoporosis and secondary osteoporosis. Degenerative osteoporosis can be subdivided into postmenopausal osteoporosis and senile osteoporosis. The prevalence rate in the elderly is 60.72% for men and 90.47% for women.