Carpal tunnel syndrome: a series of syndromes that occur when the median nerve becomes entrapped in the wrist. First, let’s clarify the concept of carpal tunnel. The carpal tunnel is a bony fiber conduit on the palmar side of the wrist, whose palmar side is the transverse carpal ligament (a fibrous structure), and the radial, ulnar, and dorsal sides are carpal bones, so that the structure is relatively stiff and tough, and the volume of the conduit is certain. Our deep and superficial finger flexor tendons, median nerve and long thumb flexor tendons pass through the carpal tunnel. Any factor that increases the pressure within the carpal tunnel can cause compression of the median nerve. For example, synovial hyperplasia, tendon cysts, lipomas, hemangiomas, fracture dislocation, low forearm muscle belly or high earthworm muscle belly. Patients mainly feel numbness or pain in the thumb, index finger, middle finger and ring finger, mostly in one or both fingers, and it is more obvious at night or early in the morning. The pain can be radiated to the elbow, and the symptoms can be relieved by shaking the hand, massage, or squeezing the hand or wrist. The fingers often feel weak and the movement is not flexible. In severe cases, atrophy of the masseter muscle may occur. The disease is more common in women than in men. The following tests can assist in the diagnosis: wrist flexion test: extreme palmar flexion of the wrist joint, after one minute, the numbness of the fingers is aggravated by self-perception is positive. Percussion test: tap the palmar side of the wrist with the finger, if there is abnormal sensation such as numbness and discharge of the fingers, it is positive. Electromyography: electromyography can be used to confirm the diagnosis in all cases of nerve entrapment. Ultrasonography: Ultrasonography can be used to observe the nerve compression, cause, location and nerve edema. Warm tip: Early stage of carpal tunnel syndrome can be treated by conservative treatment, oral blood circulation and neurotropic drugs, massage, massage, etc.; there are also some auxiliary treatments such as heat therapy, i.e., through hydrotherapy, wax therapy, ultrasound or hot compress to improve local blood circulation and promote the inflammation to subside, but the effect obtained is still very limited. Generally, after 2 months of conservative treatment, if there is no improvement, then active surgery should be performed to explore and loosen the muscle, otherwise muscle atrophy may occur at an advanced stage and affect the prognosis. In early cases, minimally invasive transverse carpal ligament dissection and decompression can be performed; in advanced cases, the decision to perform carpal tunnel dissection and decompression and median nerve release is based on the median nerve compression. Female patients in menopause or menopause are usually caused by synovial thickening, and once the diagnosis is confirmed, the surgery can be advanced appropriately.