Lumbar nucleus pulposus prolapse requires surgical treatment. Lumbar nucleus pulposus prolapse is a serious herniated lumbar disc, which usually causes severe and persistent pain with abnormal sensory-motor function of the lower limbs. Symptoms may be relieved after appropriate bed rest and conservative treatment, but once the nucleus pulposus has prolapsed and compressed the spinal canal, non-surgical treatment cannot improve the compression. Specific surgical methods need to further determine whether the posterior longitudinal ligament is intact and the degree of prolapse of the nucleus pulposus, and different surgical methods will be adopted depending on different situations, including open surgery and minimally invasive intervertebral foramenoscopy, which need to be judged by specialists through the lumbar spine MRI readings, and in combination with the patient’s general condition and symptoms. Therefore, once a herniated nucleus pulposus is identified or symptoms appear, it is necessary to consult a doctor in a timely manner to have the condition evaluated by a specialist and appropriate treatment provided in a timely manner.