Bone marrow aspiration is a relatively safe test to diagnose hematologic disorders. A little bone marrow fluid is taken for examination, like a blood collection test, and there are basically no after-effects. It can examine such hematological diseases as iron deficiency anemia, hemolytic anemia, acute leukemia, chronic leukemia, aplastic anemia, etc. However, bone marrow aspiration is different from venous blood collection and is one of the trauma tests. The specific method of bone marrow aspiration is to inject anesthetic into the anterior superior iliac spine and posterior superior iliac spine first. Then the puncture is performed using a puncture needle. After the puncture, pressure is applied for a period of time and no bleeding is present, and the postoperative period usually does not affect life or work. Bone marrow puncture is relatively simple, but the clotting time should be checked before puncture, especially for patients with bleeding tendency, especially hemophiliac patients are prohibited to have bone marrow puncture. Therefore, in rare cases, bone marrow puncture may lead to complications such as local bleeding, hematoma and infection, but no sequelae will occur.