Diffuse emphysema is a clinical subtype of emphysema and refers to the widespread presence of emphysema in the lungs. The pathologic changes in emphysema are mainly the destruction of the alveolar walls leading to permanent enlargement of the alveoli and alveolar ducts. Its etiology is unclear and is generally thought to result from the synergistic effect of a number of factors, such as prolonged smoking, inhalation of dust particulate matter or chemically irritating gases, chronic respiratory infections and inflammation, and genetic factors. Internal medicine interventions for emphysema mainly include prevention (e.g. smoking cessation), medication, rehabilitation training, exercise practice and oxygen therapy, etc. Lung decongestive surgery can be performed if there are surgical indications, but it is necessary to strictly grasp the indications and contraindications. Once diagnosed with emphysema, one should go to a regular hospital in time, cooperate with the doctor to improve the relevant examinations and standardize the treatment.