In the 21st century, male diseases are increasing at an annual rate of 3% and have become the third most threatening disease to men’s health. Therefore, the issue of men’s health is getting more and more high attention and is a public health issue of concern both at home and abroad. In order to facilitate patient understanding and consultation, Dr. Li Wenji, a full-time male urologist at the Ninth People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, gave a brief introduction to a variety of health-threatening male diseases to help more men get rid of male diseases. 1, male genital deformities or diseases There are many kinds of male genital deformities or diseases, including prepuce, prepuce, occult penis, webbed penis, small penis, penile torsion, penile curvature, penile deficiency, penile scrotal transposition, cryptorchidism, etc. Congenital malformations of the male genitalia not only affect the normal development of the genital organs during the growth and development of children, but patients also suffer from psychological pressure that others cannot imagine. In adulthood, these genital malformations and diseases will affect the fertility or sexual function of patients, leading to male infertility and affecting normal married life. Although there are many types of male genital deformities and diseases, but with the development and use of current clinical technology, most of the diseases or deformities can be well treated if they are found in time. 2, sexual dysfunction (1) penile erectile dysfunction (ED): refers to men in the sexual urge and sexual requirements of the penis can not erect, or the penis can erect but can not maintain sufficient hardness, or the penis erection duration is short, so that the penis can not be placed in the vagina during sexual intercourse, or placed in the vagina is weak, or can not last until ejaculation and can not complete sexual life. Treatment methods mainly include oral medication, negative pressure suction device to induce penile erection, penile prosthesis (penile erectile device) implantation surgery and other one or more treatment methods, and its treatment efficiency can reach 95% or more. (2) Premature ejaculation: It means that ejaculation always or almost always occurs before or within one minute after vaginal penetration, and that ejaculation is always or almost always uncontrollable or delayed, resulting in many pains, including annoyance, frustration, and avoidance of sexual life. The main treatment methods are oral medication and behavioral therapy. The efficiency of medication can reach more than 80%, and some patients can be completely cured of premature ejaculation if they can exercise their ejaculation control ability during sex. 3, male infertility About 85% of married couples who do not take contraception and have a regular sex life will get pregnant within a year, while about 12-15% of couples suffer from infertility, of which male factors account for about 50%. There are many causes of male infertility, in order of their commonness: varicocele, idiopathic infertility, genital duct obstruction, cryptorchidism, immune disorders, ejaculatory dysfunction, testicular failure, endocrine system disorders, etc. Among them, varicocele is an important cause of male infertility, and it has been recognized that about 40% of primary infertility and 80% of secondary infertility suffer from varicocele. For example, when varicocele is treated by microscopic surgery, the semen quality improves in 60-80% of patients, and the natural conception rate is about 43% and 69% after 1 year and 2 years, respectively, if the spouse has no infertility factors. More than 90% of male infertility can be cured clinically after drug or surgical treatment and achieve the goal of natural fertility. If you can’t have children after regular treatment, you need to take assisted reproductive technology (ART), but only 5-10% of patients need to take ART. The prostate gland is a unique gonadal organ for men. The common prostate diseases are prostatitis, prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer, which occur in men of different ages and have different characteristics, and need to be treated accordingly. (1) Prostatitis: It is one of the common diseases in adult men, especially in men under 50 years old. About 50% of adult men will be affected by prostatitis at some point in their lives. Although chronic prostatitis is not a direct life-threatening disease, it severely affects the patient’s quality of life. The treatment mainly consists of a combination of oral medication, changes in lifestyle and diet, prostate physical therapy, etc. If it is clear that prostatitis is caused by pathogenic bacteria, effective antibiotics need to be added at the same time. (2) Prostate enlargement: The prostate starts to enlarge to varying degrees around the age of 40, and symptoms begin to appear after the age of 50, including frequent urination, increased nocturia, difficulty in urination, thinning of the urine line, and short range. If left untreated it can lead to complications such as urinary retention, hematuria, bladder stones, impaired kidney function, inguinal hernia, and prolapse. The treatment needs to be based on the degree of prostate enlargement and the severity of the patient’s symptoms, including “wait and see”, medication or surgery. (3) Prostate cancer: The majority of cases develop after the age of 50, and the incidence of prostate cancer has increased significantly as the average life expectancy and standard of living have improved. Therefore, after the age of 50, you need to undergo rectal examinations, serum PSA, etc. If abnormalities are found, prostate puncture biopsy should be performed to clarify the diagnosis. Endocrine, surgical or radiotherapy treatment should be performed according to the extent of prostate cancer invasion and metastasis. 5.Male genital tumors mainly include penile cancer, testicular tumor, penile scrotum Paget’s disease, etc. If left untreated, it will be life-threatening. Therefore, if you find lumps on the penis, swollen testicles or eczema-like changes in the scrotum of the penis, you should go to the hospital for examination in time. Treatment is based on the nature of the tumor and metastasis to take different treatment methods such as surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. 6.Male hypogonadism (commonly known as male menopause) After 40 years old, androgen level will decrease at a rate of 1-3% per year. Once it decreases to a certain level, symptoms of male menopause will appear, including poor libido and penile erection, low semen volume, decreased physical strength, memory loss and easy fatigue. The appearance and development of these symptoms are not obvious, and often the symptoms do not attract attention when they occur, or are even mistakenly thought to be caused by work stress. Androgen deficiency not only causes sexual dysfunction, emotional and physical problems in men, but also leads to the function of vital organs such as the heart, brain and kidneys, and increases the incidence of tumors such as prostate cancer. Therefore, if you are over 45 years old, especially if you are over 55 years old, you should consider if you are going through menopause and go to the hospital for an early checkup.