With the intensification of industrialization in China, the continuous decline of air quality in China is obvious to all, with severe haze weather occurring in many places and lasting for a long time, causing serious health hazards such as PM2.5, with the lungs being the first respiratory organ in close contact with air. It is worth noting that some studies have reported that the presence of hazy weather is closely related to the increase in hospital respiratory admissions, most of which are patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a common chronic disease of the respiratory system that increases in prevalence with age. The diagnosis of COPD should be considered in any patient with dyspnea, chronic cough or sputum, and a history of exposure to risk factors (smoking, cooking fumes, occupational dust and chemicals, etc.) It is now believed that in addition to these factors, a pulmonary function test must be performed. The presence of airflow limitation is clear, and COPD can be diagnosed. COPD is mainly treated with medical therapy, such as the application of antibiotics, bronchodilators, glucocorticoids, etc. These medical conservative treatments can improve the patient’s symptoms and control the progression of the disease, but the lung tissue pathological damage that has occurred is irreversible, and each offense will further aggravate the damage to the lung tissue. With the progressive development of the disease, patients with recurrent attacks will gradually develop severe emphysema, and their respiratory function and quality of life will continue to decline, causing pain to the patients and a heavy burden to their families. Therefore, medical professionals began to explore surgical treatment for this disease at an early stage. Therefore, in 1995, when Professor Cooper in the United States, based on a new understanding of the pathology and physiology of the disease, reintroduced lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) to treat emphysema with good short-term results, it immediately caused a global sensation, and the procedure was widely promoted and used worldwide. The use of LVRS in the treatment of emphysema has become increasingly widespread as research progresses, and the procedure has been improved and refined as technology advances and knowledge of the disease continues to grow. Currently, LVRS has been used in the treatment of severe emphysema for more than a decade, and I have been performing surgery and research in this area since the procedure was performed abroad in 1997. There is now a global consensus that 10% to 20% of COPD patients are suitable for lung decompression surgery to improve lung function and quality of life, and that strict mastery of surgical indications and systematic perioperative management are the keys to successful surgery. Among the many patients with existing emphysema, not all of them are suitable for LVRS treatment, and strict screening is required before surgery. These screening criteria include patient age, respiratory function, smoking status, and the effectiveness of medical therapy. Patients who are screened for surgical treatment will require a strict preoperative and postoperative treatment plan developed by an experienced surgeon to ensure the success of the surgery. The most common complication of LVRS is prolonged pulmonary air leak (>7 days), and other complications include active bleeding, infection, gastrointestinal bleeding, cardiac arrhythmia, respiratory failure, and cardiac insufficiency. A large group of case reports of severe emphysema treated with LVRS around the world suggest that most of the recent results are good, and the lung function can be improved significantly within 3-5 years, which can significantly improve the patient’s dyspnea symptoms and improve the quality of survival, and the long-term effect gradually decreases as the survival period of the operation is prolonged, and some scholars believe that LVRS is only a “transitional” operation. Some scholars believe that LVRS is only a “bridge operation”, and that the treatment of end-stage emphysema eventually needs to rely on lung transplantation.