A variety of lung diseases can lead to emphysema, of which chronic bronchitis is the most important cause. Due to its irreversible nature, there is no effective medical method to stop the continuous progression and deterioration of emphysema, and eventually the patient develops severe respiratory distress that cannot be relieved by medical treatment methods. Pulmonary decompression is a new safe and effective surgical treatment for end-stage emphysema, suitable for patients under 75 years of age with advanced severe non-homogeneous emphysema whose medical treatment is unsatisfactory, and can be performed unilaterally or bilaterally, depending on the patient’s condition, by removing the most severely diseased lung tissue and giving the remaining lung tissue “By removing the most severely diseased lung tissue and giving way to the remaining lung tissue to improve the patient’s lung function, the patient’s lung function, exercise endurance and quality of life can be improved to a great extent after surgery, making the patient feel “reborn” after surgery. The Department of Thoracic Surgery of Wuhan Union Medical College Hospital has accumulated rich clinical experience in this area, and the treatment effect and level are among the leading in China.