1, the treatment of bleeding and thromboembolism after flap replacement (1) mild bleeding, such as skin bruising, gum bleeding, can reduce the amount of warfarin according to the measurement of prothrombin time and activity (reduce 1/4 or 1/8). (2) Obvious bleeding, such as nosebleeds, hematuria, Warfarin can be discontinued for 1 to 2 days, and at the same time, the prothrombin time and activity can be measured immediately at the hospital and adjusted gradually. (3) Severe bleeding, such as hemoptysis, vomiting blood, intracranial hemorrhage, vitamin K 120mg should be injected intravenously immediately, and then observed for 1 to 2 days after the bleeding stops, and then re-anticoagulated. (4) In critically ill patients with anemia, whole blood, fresh plasma or coagulation factors should be used to supplement various coagulation factors. (5) In normal women during menstruation, the amount of menstruation is not much, the anticoagulant is unchanged; if the amount of menstruation is mildly increased, the amount of warfarin can be reduced; if there is a lot of bleeding, vitamin K can be injected sedation to stop bleeding; if the menstrual bleeding is out of balance and persistent, menstrual regulating drugs should be taken; in very few cases of heavy bleeding, hysterectomy is required. 2.Can people with rheumatic heart disease have a good recovery of heart function and strength after valve replacement surgery, and they can get married. After marriage, attention should be paid to maintaining good heart function. Female patients should use contraception after marriage because pregnancy and childbirth will increase the burden on their heart and may cause hemorrhage due to anticoagulation during delivery, resulting in life-threatening conditions. However, after pregnancy due to insistence on childbirth and other reasons, it is important to promptly visit a central hospital with cardiac surgery and decide whether to continue the pregnancy under the guidance of a doctor according to the situation. Heparin has a large molecular weight, and animal and in vivo experiments have shown that it cannot pass through the placenta and has no teratogenic effect, while other oral anticoagulants may pass through the placenta and lead to infant malformation, therefore, heparin should be used as the drug of choice for anticoagulation in pregnancy. 3.Can other surgeries be performed after valve replacement If tooth extraction, appendectomy, abortion and other minor surgeries are needed after valve replacement, it is allowed, but the following measures should be taken (1) Try to use anesthetic drugs that have little effect on cardiopulmonary function and strive for smooth anesthesia. (2) For patients with long-term anticoagulation, suspend Warfarin anticoagulation before surgery, or switch to short-acting heparin intravenous anticoagulation. Stop bleeding more carefully during surgery, and continue Warfarin anticoagulation 24-48 hours after surgery when there is no bleeding. (3) Antibiotics should be used preoperatively, intraoperatively and postoperatively to prevent infection. (4) Shorten the operation time as much as possible, and increase the use of cardiac drugs during and after the operation according to the situation. 4.How to recognize atrial fibrillation even after valve replacement surgery Atrial fibrillation is caused by severe obstruction of atrial blood drainage, enlarged atria and poor cardiac function. Short-term atrial fibrillation within 3 months to 6 months before the surgery, due to timely correction of cardiac function, atrial fibrillation can no longer occur after the surgery, but maintain sinus rhythm. However, if atrial fibrillation occurs for a longer period of time, it is difficult to maintain sinus rhythm after surgery. Postoperative atrial fibrillation should be controlled by medications as much as possible. However, since the greatest risk of atrial fibrillation is the formation of thrombus, leading to embolism, anticoagulation should be given after valve replacement surgery to avoid this possibility.