Early animal mankind, eating is a purely natural, purely physiological process, the only purpose of eating is to meet the physiological needs, the pursuit of eating full; social civilization of mankind, eating is the integration of nature and society, physiology and psychology, the pursuit of eating is both full and eat well. How to eat well? Understood as two levels: physiological health, psychological pleasure, that is, eat healthy, eat happy. Eating well is not an easy task for healthy people, and it is even more difficult and important for tumor patients. As the saying goes, man is iron, meal is just, one meal is not eaten is hungry. For healthy people, not eating is just starving; but for tumor patients, not eating means death, which is the top priority. I. Sensual Eating Follow the feeling and pursue the trinity of agreeable food, agreeable environment and agreeable object. Decreased appetite is a common symptom of tumor patients, how to stimulate patients’ appetite is an important topic of tumor nutrition. Sensory eating is to increase appetite by strengthening the stimulation of senses. Sensual eating can not only satisfy the psychological pleasure, but also increase the amount of food. 1.Eat with eyes Literary description of the common idiom of food “color and aroma are complete”, the “color” to the first place. Scientific research has found that the sensory properties of food can affect the appetite, the sensory properties of good food “look at it and want to eat”, bad food “look at it and get full”. Food for tumor patients should be “colorful” and hopefully “full of variety”, so that patients will fall in love at first sight and achieve the effect of “quenching thirst by looking at plums! “The effect is that the patient will fall in love at first sight, so as to quench his thirst by looking at plums. Although dark green and yellow fruits and vegetables in the phytochemical content is more abundant, but oncology nutrition on fruits and vegetables color requirements are colorful, colorful, should not be long-term consumption of a single color, a single category of food. 2.Eating with nose There is a saying in our hometown: it is better to eat meat than to drink soup, and it is better to drink soup than to smell it. No matter how scientific it is, it is enough to show that people attach great importance to the smell of food. Of the more than 10,000 volatile substances in food, about 230 determine the odor of food, and there are only 3 to 40 key substances that encode the special odor of food. These odors are decoded by the 400 or so olfactory receptors in the nose, uploaded to the brain, and activate the olfactory bulb type I cannabinoid (CB1) receptors, which enhances odor perception and thus facilitates food intake. Tumor patients’ sense of smell is often impaired. Adding condiments and spices such as cinnamon, ginger and lemon to food can improve the smell of food and thus increase appetite. 3.Eat with tongue English describes food with tasty, Chinese with “delicious”, it can be seen that people on earth emphasize the taste of food. China’s traditional culture divides food into five flavors: sour, bitter, sweet, pungent and salty, and considers that pungent enters the lung, sweet enters the spleen, sour enters the liver, bitter enters the heart and salty enters the kidney, and it is suggested that avoiding pungent in liver disease, avoiding bitter in lung disease, avoiding salty in heart and kidney disease, and avoiding sweet and sour in spleen and stomach disease. The sense of taste of tumor patients often changes, including loss of taste, hyposmia, dysgeusia and taste hallucination, and chemical taste, metallic taste, medicinal taste and bitter taste are common. Suggestions on how to deal with different taste changes are as follows: 4. Eat mindfully Research has found that: people eat more when they eat together than when they eat alone, eat more when they eat buffet than when they eat table food, eat more when they eat small portion than when they eat large portion, and eat more when they eat multiple meals in a day than when they eat three meals in a day. In view of this, oncology patients should make a dietary schedule, divide daily food into 5~6 meals, provide rich and varied food in small portions, and enjoy food in a pleasant environment, with pleasant objects, and with sufficient time. The Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents recommend 15-20 minutes for breakfast and 30 minutes for lunch and dinner. Patients with loss of appetite and lack of appetite should make full use of the time period with appetite to eat and ensure a good mood when eating. The purpose of rational eating is no longer to satisfy psychological pleasure, but for physiological needs, for health, for survival. Relative to sensual eating, tumor patients themselves should eat rationally, take eating as medicine, and take eating as a task. 1. Eating with brain Due to many reasons, tumor patients don’t want to eat, don’t want to eat, and are often in the state of hunger. Starvation can not starve the tumor, but only starve themselves. Nutrition will not promote tumor growth, but prolong the patient’s life. Good nutrition is the prerequisite and guarantee for tumor treatment and physical recovery. In order to fight against tumors, tumor patients should be determined to remove difficulties and strive to eat enough. Overcome dietary preferences, correct dietary caprices, get out of dietary misunderstandings and choose healthy food. Even if it is a food that you usually hate, but for the sake of health, you must eat it. Moderate alcohol consumption, increase protein, fruit and vegetable intake. Meat and vegetarian ratio is reasonable (meat: vegetarian = 1/5 ~ 1/3: 2/3 ~ 4/5), coarse and fine with uniform. 2, eating with teeth Teeth play a key role in chewing, the number and quality of teeth are closely related to the quality of life of patients and nutritional status. The process of chewing is not only a process of food crushing, but also a process of food digestion and harmonization. Through chewing, large pieces of food are turned into food masses. The number of chewing depends on the food, generally requires 20-30 chews per mouth and 900-1100 chews per meal. During chewing, the parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands secrete alpha amylase, which cleaves the alpha-1.4 glycosidic bond and digests carbohydrates. Stimulating secretion of low osmolality saliva neutralizes high osmolality foods, thus preventing dumping syndrome. Tumor patients with loose teeth, impaired digestive function, reduced secretion of digestive juices, weakened intestinal peristalsis, should be chewed and swallowed slowly, and it is best to chew each mouthful of food 25 to 50 times. Do not swallow, gulp, wind rolled up. 3, with the tube to eat in the gastrointestinal tract function is normal, but oral can not be under the conditions, through the tube “meal”, that is, tube feeding is essential. Commonly used tube feeding pathways are transnasal tube such as nasogastric (intestinal) tube, transgastric tube such as PEG/PEJ, surgical gastrostomy, transintestinal tube such as puncture jejunostomy. There are non-surgical and surgical methods of tube placement. Tube feeding “rice” can be food homogenate, fluid food and special medical use formula food (referred to as special medical food). Tube feeding “rice” requires isotonic pressure, temperature 35 ℃ ~ 37 ℃, tube feeding requires elevation of the head of the bed 30 ° ~ 40 °. Diarrhea and abdominal distension are two common adverse reactions, reduce the amount of feeding, slow down the feeding rate can be relieved in most cases. 4, eating with vein In the gastrointestinal tract can not be used such as complete intestinal obstruction, or through the gastrointestinal tract feeding is insufficient, can be fed through the vein to the patient “meal”, medically known as parenteral nutrition or intravenous nutrition. Unlike food, parenteral nutrition is composed of nutrient monomers, including water, glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins and minerals, which do not need to be digested and are directly absorbed and utilized by cells. There are two ways to “eat” through vein, peripheral vein (PVC) and central vein, and central vein is divided into peripheral intravenous central venous catheter (PICC), central venous catheter (CVC) and infusion port 3 kinds. Different routes are used for different periods of time, PVC generally not more than 2 weeks, CVC generally not more than 1 month, PICC generally not more than 6 months, infusion port generally not more than 5 years. Isotonic fluids can be infused via peripheral and central veins, hypertonic (>600 mOsmol/L) fluids can only be infused via central veins. Summary How much to eat, good or bad nutritional status directly affects the quality of life and survival time of tumor patients. For tumor patients, eating too little and not enough nutrition is a common problem. How to let tumor patients have enough food and eat well is not only the responsibility of tumor patients themselves, but also the responsibility of their relatives and the responsibility of the society. The nutritional status of tumor patients is not only a personal problem, but also a social problem. Nutritional status is not only related to the survival time of tumor patients, but also related to the social economic burden. Eating for tumor patients should pursue ideal, face reality and accept helplessness; on the basis and premise of rational eating, pursue emotional eating; and take eating for health and life as the highest goal.