In the nearly 80 years after the discovery of insulin, although many new hypoglycemic drugs have been invented, so far, insulin is still the “special drug” for the treatment of diabetes, which has the advantages of good hypoglycemic effect, low price and protection of pancreatic islet function, which cannot be replaced by other drugs for the treatment of diabetes. Due to the advancement of technology in recent years, insulin injections are basically painless and easy to administer, and patients can inject themselves at home after being instructed by doctors and nurses. Unfortunately, there is a foolish saying in the society that “insulin will become an addiction”, causing many diabetic patients to refuse insulin treatment. In fact, insulin is a hormone that exists in everyone’s body. The use of insulin in diabetic patients is to supplement the insufficient insulin secretion in the body, and there is no possibility of “addiction”. There are two types of insulin treatment programs for diabetic patients: conventional treatment and intensive treatment, the former injecting insulin once or twice a day with the main purpose of relieving symptoms; the latter injecting insulin three to five times a day or using insulin pumps to control blood sugar at or near normal levels. Since more than 80% of diabetic patients eventually die due to chronic complications in the heart, brain and kidney, protecting the heart, brain and kidney is the key to diabetes treatment. Compared with conventional treatment. Intensive insulin therapy better mimics the normal physiological secretion pattern of human insulin and can effectively prevent the occurrence and development of chronic complications of diabetes mellitus. An American study (DCCT) showed that intensive insulin therapy reduced the incidence of type 1 diabetic retinopathy by 76%, the deterioration of retinopathy by 54%, the incidence of diabetic nephropathy by 34%, the incidence of peripheral neuropathy by 69%, and the incidence of macrovascular complications by 41%. Another Japanese study (Kumamoto Study) showed that intensive treatment reduced the risk of developing or worsening microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes by 57% to 74%, reduced the degree of neuropathy, and reduced the occurrence of macrovascular lesions. The following diabetic patients can be treated with intensive insulin therapy: 1. 8, malnutrition, such as significant wasting, combined with tuberculosis; 9, secondary diabetes. There are two types of intensive insulin therapy: multiple daily insulin injections and insulin pump therapy. Insulin pump, also known as continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, is currently the best system that mimics human physiological insulin secretion and is a safe and effective option in diabetes treatment. Its main feature is to provide insulin to the body 24 hours a day without interruption, so that the blood concentration tends to be smooth, also according to the patient’s condition, high-dose insulin can be given before meals (the purpose is to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia), smoothly control blood sugar throughout the day, reduce the occurrence of hypoglycemia, convenient for patients to use, delay the occurrence and development of diabetic complications, especially suitable for patients with recurrent hypoglycemia or asymptomatic hypoglycemia diabetes. Commonly used insulin pumps, such as Minimed Type 507 and Type 508, have the following advantages: 1. The injected insulin is short-acting insulin (R), avoiding the use of medium- and long-acting insulin, which is easy to predict the effect and easy to regulate; 2. By adjusting the basal insulin infusion rate and loading volume of the insulin pump, the change of insulin concentration in circulating blood is closer to the physiological pattern, resulting in better blood glucose control and insulin requirement is reduced. 3.Less occurrence of hypoglycemia. 4. Since multiple injections are avoided, patients are freer and have more flexible lifestyles (physical activity and eating time). Diabetic patients treated with insulin injections can also switch to insulin pumps, and the dose will be reduced by approximately 20%. Insulin pumps can be used with short-acting insulin or human insulin analogs. At the beginning, basal insulin accounts for about 40% to 50% of the total dose throughout the day, and is infused at 0.5-2U/hour. In addition, 50%-60% is the pre-meal loading dose, and the insulin requirement throughout the day is 0.5-0.9U/kg body weight. Patients receiving intensive insulin therapy should be hospitalized at the beginning of the treatment period to learn about diabetes, and should maintain close contact with the specialist or diabetes nurse after discharge to adjust the insulin dose and deal with adverse reactions in a timely and correct manner. Patients are advised to monitor their blood glucose at least 4 to 7 times a day, i.e. before three meals, 2 hours after three meals and before bedtime. In addition, patients should monitor blood glucose in the morning once every 1 to 2 weeks for 3 days to keep it above 3.9mmoI/L to avoid hypoglycemia at night. According to the results of blood glucose measurement, the insulin dose should be increased or decreased once every 2-3 days. Insulin pump therapy also has some shortcomings, mainly: 1. expensive; 2. if the machine malfunctions or the catheter is blocked, insulin infusion can be stopped, causing blood glucose to rise; 3. skin infection occurs in a very small number of patients who move into the catheter site. The following conditions are not suitable for intensive insulin therapy: 1. Patients at risk of severe hypoglycemia, such as those with a recent history of severe hypoglycemia, those lacking perception of hypoglycemia, those on beta-blocker therapy, and those with hypopituitarism; 2. Young and elderly patients; 3. Patients with severe diabetic complications, such as cardiac, cerebral, renal and retinal lesions. Recent studies have shown that some newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients, short-term intensive insulin therapy (2 weeks) can lead to effective control of diabetes, and also maintain good long-term (1-5 years) glycemic control without medication after discontinuation of insulin. Foreign experts IIkova et al. 13 cases of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who were not controlled by diet and exercise, using insulin pump intensive treatment for two weeks, after which insulin was discontinued, followed by fasting and postprandial blood glucose changes, the results found that 9 cases of good blood glucose maintenance after discontinuing insulin, which lasted from 9 to 50 days. Short-term intensive insulin therapy (2 weeks) was given to 1 8 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, and some of them maintained normal blood glucose (>3 months) after discontinuing the drug. The reason for this phenomenon may be related to the recovery of islet B-cell secretion function after short-term intensive insulin therapy.