Atherosclerosis is the main cause of coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, and peripheral vascular disease. It is characterized by a thickening and hardening of the arterial wall and narrowing of the lumen, starting from the intima, usually with accumulation of lipids and complex sugars, hemorrhage and thrombosis, followed by fibrous tissue proliferation and calcium deposition, and gradual metamorphosis and calcification of the middle layer of the artery. The lesion often involves large and medium-sized muscular arteries, and once it has progressed enough to block the arterial lumen, the tissues or organs supplied by the artery will become ischemic or necrotic. It is called atherosclerosis because of the yellow atheromatous appearance of the lipids that accumulate in the intima of the arteries.
Treatment
1.Comprehensive treatment
(1) Rational diet, total calories in the diet should not be too high to prevent overweight. Reduce the intake of saturated fat and sugar, and limit the fat intake to less than 20g per day, including saturated fat to less than 2g. Increase the intake of soluble fiber.
(2) Adhere to an appropriate amount of physical activity. Set the intensity of activity according to your condition, activity habits, and heart function, and progress gradually.
(3) Reasonable arrangement of work and life.
(4) Other aspects, promote non-smoking, avoid second-hand smoke, can drink a small amount of alcohol.
(5) Control susceptibility factors. If you have diabetes, you should control blood glucose, including diet control. type 2 diabetes glucose-lowering drugs should not cause hyperinsulinemia, such as Damacell, etc.; if you have hypertension, you should give antihypertensive drugs to lower blood pressure to the appropriate level; if you have high blood cholesterol, you should control high cholesterol and give appropriate lipid-lowering drugs.
2.Drug treatment
(1) Lipid-lowering drugs.
①Statin class.
(2) fibrates.
(3) Niacin.
(④Fibromine.
(⑤) Antomin.
(⑥Unsaturated fatty acids such as epsomine, lipotropic and cardioplegia.
(7) Sodium bis(alginate).
(2) Anti-platelet drugs.
①Aspirin.
(ii) Pansentine.
(iii) Clopidogrel.
(iv) Cilostat.
(3) Vasodilators.
①hydropyridazine (mainly acts on arteries).
(ii) nitroglycerin and cardiac pain (acting mainly in the veins)
(iii) sodium nitroprusside (acts in arteries and veins).
④α1 receptor blockers such as prazosin.
⑤α2 receptor blockers such as phentolamine.
(vi) β2 receptor stimulants such as salbutamol.
(vii) Captopril, enalapril.
⑧ cardiac painkillers, thioprostone.
(⑨) Liothyronine, long-pressin, prostaglandin, cardiac natriuretic, etc.
(4) Thrombolytic and anticoagulant drugs
1. Thrombolytic drugs such as
①Urokinase and streptokinase.
(ii) tissue-type fibrinolytic plasminogen activator.
③ single-chain urokinase-type fibrinogen activator.
④TNK-tissue-type fibrinogen activator.
2.Anticoagulant drugs such as
①heparin.
② Enoxaparin.
③Natraheptadine.
④Bivalirudin.
3.Surgical treatment.
Surgical procedures such as recanalization, reconstruction or bypass grafting for narrowed or occluded arteries, and interventional treatments such as intracavitary placement of stents are also feasible.