Atherosclerosis is an important cause of ischemic vascular disease, so early identification and control of atherosclerosis is of great importance to reduce ischemic cardiovascular disease. Hyperlipidemia – the most important factor leading to atherosclerosis Hyperlipidemia is the most important factor leading to atherosclerosis, and hypertension can also cause serious damage to blood vessels, which can result in arterial wall lesions and blood rheological changes. Patients with hypertension often have abnormal lipid metabolism. Due to the turbulence and shear stress generated by the long-term increase in blood pressure, the endothelial cells of the arterial intima are damaged, exposing the collagen tissue under the intima, and activating factors activate platelets to adhere and gather on the intima, forming wall clots; especially the increased LDL-C is oxidatively modified to ox- LDL-C, after oxidative modification to ox-LDL, can easily enter the intima to form atherosclerotic plaques. Atherosclerosis can involve systemic arteries including coronary arteries and cerebral arteries, which is an important step in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Carotid artery is the window of medium-sized arteries in the whole body, and its degree of hardening can indirectly reflect the degree of hardening of coronary artery, cerebral artery and peripheral artery. The main indicator of carotid atherosclerosis is the thickening of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and plaque formation. 6.5-10.1 μm IMT increase per year, and if the annual increase exceeds 0.03 mm, the risk of cardiovascular events increases significantly. Several prospective studies have confirmed a positive association between IMT and cardiovascular events, with each 0.1 mm increase in IMT associated with an 11% increase in the risk of myocardial infarction. Studies have shown that 39% to 76% of patients with ischemic stroke have varying degrees of carotid atheromatous plaque formation. At the same time, the carotid artery is superficial and easy to detect, making it the most favorable window for clinical detection of atherosclerosis. In clinical practice, carotid artery color Doppler ultrasound is often used to detect carotid plaque. It is reproducible and has the advantages of being rapid, convenient and non-invasive. It has unique advantages in predicting ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and detecting the evaluation of the effect of interventional treatment on atherosclerosis. Therefore, color Doppler ultrasound can be used as the clinical screening tool of choice for patients with carotid atherosclerosis. How to determine the presence of arterial plaque by IMT value? The normal value of IMT is <0.9mm. When the thickness is between 0.9mm and 1.2mm, the intima-media thickness is thickened. When the IMT value exceeds 1.2mm, due to excessive thickening of the intima-media, arterial plaques tend to form, causing narrowing of the carotid artery and affecting blood flow, and more than 60% of cerebral infarctions are caused by carotid stenosis. To prevent stroke, patients with hypertension should have their carotid arteries checked regularly Carotid artery lesions are an important aspect of target organ damage due to hypertension. Carotid IMT thickening is an early manifestation of atherosclerosis, and plaque formation is a typical sign of atherosclerosis. Carotid artery testing by color ultrasound in hypertensive patients can analyze the characteristics of carotid artery damage caused by hypertension, enable early detection and treatment as well as stabilization or reversal of plaque, and provide a clinical basis for stroke prevention.