Disc removal surgery for lumbar disc herniation is an operation that has been carried out for a long time and has a more certain efficacy. However, even so, some complications may occur during and after the surgery, affecting the surgical outcome, increasing the patient’s pain, and sometimes even leading to the patient’s death due to surgical complications. Doctors and patients with lumbar disc herniation who need to undergo surgery should have a certain understanding of the common complications of this surgery. (1) Infection: a complication common to all surgical procedures. Lumbar disc removal surgery in addition to the possible complications of surgical incision infection may also occur in the intervertebral space infection. (2) Nerve injury: the nerve root may be injured in the epidural or intradural during the surgery. (3) Large blood vessel injury: the most common is to damage the large blood vessels in the posterior abdominal wall when operating via the posterior approach. (4) Adhesion and scarring: Adhesion and scarring often occurs between the nerve root at the surgical site and the exposed portion of the dura mater after laminectomy, which can leave low back pain or radicular nerve root pain. (5) Spinal instability: in some patients, leg pain disappears after surgery while low back pain persists, and there is obvious abnormal spinal movement when taking lumbar functional motion X-ray. (6) Organ injury: vascular injury may be accompanied by other organ injury, such as bladder, ureter or small intestine. Once found should be immediately dissected and explored, timely repair of damaged organs to avoid peritonitis． Of course, as long as there are strict aseptic operation, gentle and accurate surgical skills and the ability to adapt to the situation, we can try to avoid complications. For the complications that have occurred, timely and accurate treatment should be given to minimize their adverse consequences.