The importance of the skull is well known, as it plays a role in protecting brain tissue and maintaining the appearance and aesthetics of the head and face. However, cranial defects are a frequent occurrence nowadays and should not be ignored, because once a cranial defect occurs, the skull becomes incomplete and the intracranial tissues lose their external protection, which can be dangerous at any time and can be life-threatening in serious cases. Moreover, after cranial defect, the intracranial environment will be obviously changed, the intracranial pressure will be very unstable, and the intracranial vital activities will be affected accordingly, which will lead to a series of cerebral neurological dysfunction and induce cranial defect syndrome, and seriously affect the physical and mental health of patients. From all these, we can see that cranial defect cannot be careless, and we cannot naively think that it can grow out by itself, and we need to do cranial bone repair surgery in hospital in time to reshape the complete cranial cavity as soon as possible. However, when doing skull repair surgery, the choice of repair material is an important factor affecting the outcome of the surgery, and patients should be more cautious. The main repair materials used in skull repair surgery are titanium and PEEK, which is suitable for skull repair? Although titanium is more advanced than earlier materials, it has many defects and shortcomings, such as poor histocompatibility, unsatisfactory thermal insulation, postoperative infection and rejection, and the impact on postoperative CT and MRI. PEEK is a safe and advanced polymer material with good histocompatibility, good stiffness, moderate elasticity, good thermal insulation, and close to autologous cranial bone in terms of shaping effect, which avoids all the problems that may occur with titanium alloy material and becomes the new trend of cranial bone repair material. Our team has successfully used PEEK to perform surgery, and our team has also innovatively introduced the concept of aesthetic plastic surgery to carry out comprehensive PEEK skull repair and plastic surgery, achieving better clinical results.