Fibromyalgia syndrome is associated with abnormal secretion of neurotransmitters, central nervous system abnormalities, sleep disorders, immune disorders, psychological factors, and genetic factors. Current treatment is mainly devoted to improving sleep status, relieving patients’ anxiety and depression, decreasing the sensitivity of nociceptive receptors, and improving muscle blood flow. The use of small doses of tricyclic antidepressants, such as amitriptyline, as well as myorelaxants, cyclobenzaprine, and other drugs, along with cardiovascular exercise behavioral cognitive therapy, patient education, or a combination of these treatments to treat fibromyalgia syndrome, can achieve definite results. Endurance training, massage, and acupuncture have been shown to be effective.