Renal cysts generally refer to simple renal cysts, which are not harmful in the initial stage, accompanied by the increase in volume, and can have complications.
Most patients do not have obvious symptoms, and most of them are found incidentally during ultrasound and other imaging tests. In some patients, an abdominal mass may be detected (more common in pediatric patients, mostly in larger cysts in the lower pole of the kidney).
If the patient has symptoms, the most common is coeliac pain, which can be caused by the larger cyst pulling on the renal peritoneum or compressing the renal parenchyma, or by bleeding and infection of the cyst. Some patients present with hematuria and microproteinuria. A few patients may have erythrocytosis.
Very few patients develop compressive intestinal or biliary obstruction. If the cyst compresses the adjacent blood vessels, hypertension occurs due to reduced local renal blood flow and elevated renin levels. Once infection occurs, there may be low back pain, pyuria, fever and other manifestations. Rupture of the cyst cavity is rare, and once it occurs, the consequences are more serious.
If you have renal cysts, patients are advised to undergo standardized treatment under the guidance of doctors to avoid delaying the condition.