Urinary stones are one of the common diseases in urology, which can be divided into kidney stones, ureteral stones and bladder stones according to their location. Kidney stones mostly occur in middle and old age, more in men than in women. Kidney stones may persist for a long time without symptoms, especially larger stones. Smaller stones have a large range of motion, and when small stones enter the pelvic-ureteral junction or ureter, they cause violent peristalsis of the ureter, whereupon colic and hematuria occur. The pain caused by kidney stones can be classified as dull pain or colic. 40-50% of patients have a history of intermittent episodes of pain. The pain is often located in the lower back and abdomen, mostly paroxysmal, but can be constant. Some of the pains may only manifest as low back discomfort, but activity or labor may cause the pain to flare up or worsen. The pain often radiates to the lower abdomen, groin or inner femur, or to the labia in women. During an attack of renal colic, the patient looks acutely ill, curled up in bed, with both hands pressing on the abdomen or waist, or even rolling over in bed, moaning and groaning. The attack often lasts for several hours, but may be relieved in a few minutes. When the renal colic is severe, the face is pale, the whole body has cold sweat, the pulse is thin and rapid, and even the blood pressure drops, showing a state of deficiency, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension and constipation. During the attack of colic, the urine volume decreases, and after the relief of colic, there may be polyuria. The diagnosis of kidney stones is generally not difficult. ultrasound and X-ray urological plain film are the most commonly used tests to diagnose kidney stones. ultrasound examination helps to diagnose fluid, stones and other lesions, especially for asymptomatic stones and uric acid stones that do not show up on X-ray are more significant. Some patients who have ultrasound only see hydronephrosis, which only occurs when the ureter is obstructed. Generally, ultrasound doctors cannot find where the stones are located in the ureter, so it is recommended that you also get a specialist (lithotripsy) examination to know the specific condition in order to get the best diagnosis and treatment. The goal of stone treatment is not only to relieve the pain and protect the kidney function, but also to find and remove the cause of the disease as much as possible to prevent the recurrence of stones. Treatment should include general treatment, etiology treatment, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, intracorporeal lithotripsy, lithotripsy treatment, and surgical treatment. In the presence of infection, a higher urine volume can promote drainage and facilitate infection control. In the case of renal colic, more water may aggravate the colic, but if combined with antispasmodic drugs, it may help the stone to be expelled. There has been a breakthrough in the treatment of kidney stones in the last decade, and now the commonly used treatment methods are extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and endovenous urology, and only a few cases are treated by surgery.