Large teeth usually refer to molars, and the swollen and painful flesh around them is usually a sign of gingivitis, acute gingival papillitis, periodontitis, periapical inflammation, and pericoronitis of the wisdom teeth, which tend to bleed when probing and sucking on the gums. There are similarities in the etiology, clinical manifestations and treatment of several inflammatory diseases, which are difficult for general patients to distinguish, and they should be seen and treated promptly: 1. Gingivitis: the lesions are mainly located in the free gingiva and gingival papillae, which are the most common plaque gum disease and can develop into periodontitis, requiring scaling to thoroughly remove plaque and tartar, with local medication such as hydrogen peroxide solution, chlorhexidine or iodine preparations for those with heavy inflammation. The gingival hyperplasia is feasible for those who are obvious, pay attention to maintain oral hygiene, regular review and maintenance to prevent recurrence; 2, acute gingival papillitis: lesions are limited to individual interdental papillae, also more common, the direct cause is the gingival mechanical or chemical stimulation, such as food embedding, adjacent to the caries sharp edge stimulation, etc.. Treatment requires elimination of plaque and tartar, and local use of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs, and also rinsing with hydrogen peroxide solution. After the acute inflammation subsides, fill the adjacent carious teeth or modify the bad restoration, in order to remove the local stimulus and reduce the recurrence of the disease; 3, periodontitis: chronic periodontitis is the most common, accounting for about 95% of periodontitis, the cause is mainly plaque, tartar, food embedding, etc. The goal of treatment is to completely remove pathogenic irritants, eliminate gingival inflammation, make periodontal pockets shallower and improve periodontal attachment levels. Since each patient’s individual situation is different, individualized treatment after comprehensive evaluation is required, and scaling and scraping are usually used as the basic treatment. After treatment, patients are recommended to have regular review and maintenance; 4. Periapical periodontitis: i.e., pulpy inflammation of the periodontal membrane at the root tip, which can gradually develop into purulent inflammation, mostly developed from endodontic disease, treatment is based on healing the endodontic lesion, and root canal treatment can be performed under local anesthesia. When an abscess appears, the abscess should be incised and drained, and oral antibiotics or painkillers should be administered under the guidance of a doctor; 5. Wisdom tooth pericoronitis: also known as mandibular third molar pericoronitis, common in young people, is due to incomplete eruption or obstruction of eruption of the tooth, while the occurrence of infection resulting in soft tissue inflammation around the crown, the acute phase to anti-inflammatory, analgesic, drainage and symptomatic treatment, after the inflammation subsides, it is recommended that the wisdom tooth be extracted. Patients should pay attention to rest, eat liquid food, rinse the mouth regularly to maintain oral hygiene, and apply antibiotics to relieve inflammation as prescribed by the doctor, and take ibuprofen and acetaminophen to reduce pain if necessary.