Pleural nodules are occupations located on the pleura less than 3 cm. Pleural nodules may be inflammatory, tuberculosis, tumors, and extensive pleural nodules may also be malignant pleural mesothelioma. As for the nature of pleural nodules, pleural biopsy is required. A soft thoracoscopy can be performed under local anesthesia to take pleural nodules for examination, and then the nature of pleural nodules can be determined based on the results of the examination. If it is tuberculosis, anti-tuberculosis treatment should be given, and if it is extensive malignant pleural mesothelioma, chemotherapy such as pemetrexed should be given.